Issues in the Education of English Language Learners

1. Issues in the Education of English Language Learners Education 388 Lecture 1 January 10, 2007 Kenji Hakuta, Professor

2. is the from with box walk place flower consist identify analyze imply diagonal salinity verb monarchy

3. Function words Common content words is the from with box walk place flower Academic words Disciplinary words consist identify analyze imply diagonal salinity verb monarchy

4. UC Merced Convocation 2005

5. Merced

11. Tidal Wave II Source: Annette Holmes, UCOP

12. 2004 Inaugural Students • Freshmen: 706 • Juniors: 131 • Senior 1 • Graduate Students 38 • Total 876

13. Undergraduate Characteristics • 79% qualify for financial aid • 30% from the Central Valley • 47% first in family to go to college • SAT Score: 1140 • GPA: 3.6

14. Undergraduate Characteristics Ethnicity • African-American: 6% • Asian/Pacific Islander: 37% • Hispanic/Latino: 25% • Native American: 1% • White 25%

15. Academic Preparation(2004 Freshmen) • Writing 1: 432 (61%) • Writing 10: 200 (28%) • No writing: 74 (10%) • Math 5: 346 (71%) • Math 21+ 140 (29%)

17. The BeginningFirst Grade, 1994

18. UC Freshmen(2005)N=26,885

19. Community College Matriculations(2005)

20. The BeginningFirst Grade, 1994

21. The Pipeline toward a 4-year degree

22. Required "A-G" Courses • a l History/Social Science – 2 years requiredTwo years of history/social science, including one year of world history, cultures and geography; and one year of U.S. history or one-half year of U.S. history and one-half year of civics or American government. • b l English – 4 years requiredFour years of college-preparatory English that include frequent and regular writing, and reading of classic and modern literature. No more than one year of ESL-type courses can be used to meet this requirement. • c l Mathematics – 3 years required, 4 years recommendedThree years of college-preparatory mathematics that include the topics covered in elementary and advanced algebra and two- and three-dimensional geometry. Approved integrated math courses may be used to fulfill part or all of this requirement, as may math courses taken in the seventh and eighth grades that your high school accepts as equivalent to its own math courses. • d l Laboratory Science – 2 years required, 3 years recommendedTwo years of laboratory science providing fundamental knowledge in two of these three foundational subjects: biology, chemistry and physics. Advanced laboratory science classes that have biology, chemistry or physics as prerequisites and offer substantial additional material may be used to fulfill this requirement. The final two years of an approved three-year integrated science program may be used to fulfill this requirement. • e l Language Other than English – 2 years required, 3 years recommendedTwo years of the same language other than English. Courses should emphasize speaking and understanding, and include instruction in grammar, vocabulary, reading, composition and culture. Courses in languages other than English taken in the seventh and eighth grades may be used to fulfill part of this requirement if your high school accepts them as equivalent to its own courses. • f l Visual and Performing Arts (VPA) – 1 year requiredA single yearlong approved arts course from a single VPA discipline: dance, drama/theater, music or visual art. • g l College Preparatory Electives – 1 year requiredOne year (two semesters), in addition to those required in "a-f" above, chosen from the following areas: visual and performing arts (non-introductory level courses), history, social science, English, advanced mathematics, laboratory science and language other than English (a third year in the language used for the "e" requirement or two years of another language). http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/admissions/undergrad_adm/paths_to_adm/freshman/subject_reqs.html

23. Function words Common content words is the from with box walk place flower Academic words Disciplinary words consist identify analyze imply diagonal salinity verb monarchy

24. History and Society CREDIT: United Press International. "The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King addresses gathering of followers after their aborted march yesterday in Selma, Ala." 1965. New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress.

29. “These immigrants are beaten men from beaten races, representing the worst failures in the struggle for existence…. Europe is allowing its slums and its most stagnant reservoirs of degraded peasantry to be drained off upon our soil.” -- Francis A. Walker, President of M.I.T.

30. “There can be no doubt that the child reared in a bilingual environment is handicapped in his language growth. One can debate the issue as to whether speech facility in two languages is worth the consequent retardation in the language of the realm.” -George Thompson (1952)

31. Werner Leopold

33. English Learners / Limited English Proficient Students

34. English Language Learner is… • A student who is from a home language background other than English;

35. English Language Learner is… • A student who is from a home language background other than English; • Whose proficiency in English is undeveloped for reasons other than disabilities; and

36. English Language Learner is… • A student who is from a home language background other than English; • Whose proficiency in English is undeveloped for reasons other than disabilities; and • Whose English literacy skills (academic English) are low even if they may have conversational skills.

44. K-12 EducationProfile of California English Language Learners(2006)

45. Estimated cumulative redesignation rates (2005), unadjusted for recent arrivals

46. California English Language Arts Standards Test (2006)Proficient or Advanced

47. Function words Common content words is the from with box walk place flower Academic words Disciplinary words consist identify analyze imply diagonal salinity verb monarchy

48. Federal Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VII of ESEA (1968) Lau v. Nichols (1974) Castañeda v. Pickard (1981) Title VII “cap attack” (1985) NCLB (2002) California AB 2284 (1972) AB 1329 – Chacon-Moscone (1976) Proposition 63 (1986) AB 1329 Sunset (1987) Alpert-Firestone revival attempt (1996) Proposition 227 (1998) ELA/ELD Standards (1999 onward) ELL Policy Background

49. Federal Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VII of ESEA (1968) Lau v. Nichols (1974) Castañeda v. Pickard (1981) Title VII “cap attack” (1985) NCLB (2002) California AB 2284 (1972) AB 1329 – Chacon-Moscone (1976) Proposition 63 (1986) AB 1329 Sunset (1987) Alpert-Firestone revival attempt (1996) Proposition 227 (1998) ELA/ELD Standards (1999 onward) ELL Policy Background Foot in the door

50. Federal Civil Rights Act (1964) Title VII of ESEA (1968) Lau v. Nichols (1974) Castañeda v. Pickard (1981) Title VII “cap attack” (1985) NCLB (2002) California AB 2284 (1972) AB 1329 – Chacon-Moscone (1976) Proposition 63 (1986) AB 1329 Sunset (1987) Alpert-Firestone revival attempt (1996) Proposition 227 (1998) ELA/ELD Standards (1999 onward) ELL Policy Background What to do