1 / 57

Metabolism of lipids

Metabolism of lipids. Vladimíra Kvasnicová. Lipids = group of biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents. structural components of biological membranes energy reserves, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG)

mariko
Download Presentation

Metabolism of lipids

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Metabolism of lipids Vladimíra Kvasnicová

  2. Lipids= group of biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutionsand soluble in organic solvents • structural components of biological membranes • energy reserves, predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG) • excellent mechanical and thermal insulators • biologically active compounds(vitamins, hormones, bile acids, visual pigment)

  3. The figure was adopted from: J.Koolman, K.H.Röhm / Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Thieme 2005

  4. Structural components of lipids • alcohols • glycerol (a) • sfingosine (b) • cholesterol (c) • inositol (d) • long chain carboxylic acids(= fatty acids) a) b) c) d) The figures are adopted from http://en.wikipedia.org (April 2007)

  5. Free Fatty Acids(FFA) The figure is found at http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/saunders/courses/online/SBI3C/Cells/Lipids.htm (Jan 2007)

  6. The figure was adopted from: J.Koolman, K.H.Röhm / Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Thieme 2005

  7. Structure of lipids The figure is found at http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/archive/Spring2002/CH339K/Robertus/overheads-2/ch11_lipid-struct.jpg(Jan 2007)

  8. The figure is found athttp://courses.cm.utexas.edu/archive/Spring2002/CH339K/Robertus/overheads-2/ch11_cholesterol.jpg (Jan 2007)

  9. The figure was adopted from: J.Koolman, K.H.Röhm / Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition, Thieme 2005

  10. Structure of phospholipid The figure is found at http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/lcdlab/biopic/fig/3.21.jpg (Jan 2007)

  11. sphingosine ceramide = amide formed from sphingosine and fatty acid The figure is found at http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html#phospholipids (Jan 2007)

  12. Choose compounds counting among lipids • glycerol • triacylglycerols • ketone bodies • cholesterol

  13. Choose compounds counting among lipids • glycerol • triacylglycerols • ketone bodies • cholesterol Aceton The fiugure is from the book: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley‑Liss, Inc., New York, 1997. ISBN 0‑471‑15451‑2

  14. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  15. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  16. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  17. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  18. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  19. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  20. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  21. The figure was accepted from the book: Grundy, S.M.: Atlas of lipid disorders, unit 1. Gower Medical Publishing, New York, 1990.

  22. Lipoproteins

  23. Choose correct statements about a transport of lipids in blood • triacylglycerols are transfered mainly by chylomicrons and VLDL • free fatty acids are bound to albumin • cholesterol is transfered mainly by HDL and LDL • ketone bodies do not need a transport protein

  24. Choose correct statements about a transport of lipids in blood • triacylglycerols are transfered mainly by chylomicrons and VLDL • free fatty acids are bound to albumin • cholesterol is transfered mainly by HDL and LDL • ketone bodies do not need a transport protein

  25. Releasing of freefatty acids from TAGof fatty tissue and their followed transportto target cells The figure is found at http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/archive/Spring2002/CH339K/Robertus/overheads-3/ch17_lipid-adipocytes.jpg (Jan 2007)

  26. Lipases

  27. Degradation of phospholipids (hydrolysis) The figure is found at http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html#phospholipids (Jan 2007)

  28. Regulation of lipolysis

  29. -oxidation of fatty acids (1 cycle) dehydrogenation The figure is found at http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/betaoxidationPathway.asp (Jan 2007)

  30. cytoplasm Transport of fatty acids into a mitochondrion CARNITIN TRANSPORTER The figure was accepted from the book: Devlin, T. M. (editor): Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 4th ed. Wiley‑Liss, Inc., New York, 1997. ISBN 0‑471‑15451‑2

  31. Carnitine acyltransferaseregulates -oxidation

  32. Omega-oxidation of fatty acids (endoplasmic reticulum; minority pathway for long chain FA) The figure was found at http://www.biocarta.com/pathfiles/omegaoxidationPathway.asp (January 2007)

  33. -oxidation of fatty acids • proceeds only in the liver • produces NADPH+H+ • is localized in mitochondria • is activated by malonyl-CoA

  34. -oxidation of fatty acids • proceeds only in the liver • produces NADPH+H+ • is localized in mitochondria • is activated by malonyl-CoA

  35. Ketone bodies synthesis(= ketogenesis) • proceeds if -oxidation is  • ounly in the liver: mitochondria Acetyl-CoA OH The figure is found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ketogenesis.png (Jan 2007)

  36. Ketone bodies synthesis(= ketogenesis) • proceeds if -oxidation is  • ounly in the liver: mitochondria HMG-CoA is formed also in a cytoplasm during cholesterol synthesis ! Acetyl-CoA OH The figure is found at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ketogenesis.png (Jan 2007)

  37. Regulation of ketogenesis

  38. Ketone bodies degradation(oxidation) proceeds during starvation in extrahepatic tissuesas an alternative energy source (in a brain as well) Citratecycle The figure is found at http://www.richmond.edu/~jbell2/19F18.JPG (Jan 2007)

  39. Ketone bodies • are synthesized from acetyl-CoA • are produced by muscle tissue as a consequence of increased fatty acid oxidation • serve as an energy substrate for erythrocytes • can be excreted with urine

  40. Ketone bodies • are synthesized from acetyl-CoA • are produced by muscle tissue as a consequence of increased fatty acid oxidation • serve as an energy substrate for erythrocytes • can be excreted with urine

  41. Fatty acid synthesis (1 cycle) The figure is found at http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514270312/html/graphic22.png (Jan 2007)

  42. „activated carbon“

  43. Transport of acetyl-CoA from a mitochondrion to the cytoplasm FA synthesis NADPHfrom pentose cycle The figure is found at http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html#synthesis (Jan 2007)

  44. Regulation of fatty acid synthesis

  45. The pathway of synthesis of fatty acids • produces NADPH+H+ • starts by carboxylation of acetyl-CoA: malonyl-CoA is formed • is localized in mitochondria • includes reduction steps

  46. The pathway of synthesis of fatty acids • produces NADPH+H+ • starts by carboxylation of acetyl-CoA: malonyl-CoA is formed • is localized in mitochondria • includes reduction steps

  47. Comparision of fatty acid synthesis and degradation

  48. Biosynthesis of triacylglycerols The figure is found at http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/lipid-synthesis.html#phospholipids (Jan 2007)

  49. Regulation of TAG metabolism

  50. Biosynthesis of cholesterol regulatory enzyme The figure is found at http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/cholesterol.html (Jan 2007)

More Related