學術論文之詞彙慣用語分析

1. 學術論文之詞彙慣用語分析 From 行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告 學術論文之詞彙慣用語分析 Lexical Phrases in Academic Research Paper s 計畫編號：NSC 89-2422-H-009-001 執行期限：88 年8 月1 日至90 年1 月31 日 主持人：郭志華 國立交通大學語言教學與研究中心

2. Genre of research papers in science 科技研究論文長期以來已形成一種高度約定俗成的文類，並且在詞彙及結構上有其特殊用法。此領域之研究指出，科技研究論文具有字詞文法上的特色，這些特色並與其結構息息相關。

3. Lexico-Grammatical Patternsfrom the study Results from the analysis show that in each major section of scientific research papers, a number of lexico-grammatical patterns can be identified in correspondence to particular communicative functions of the section. Following are some examples from the results (as a result of the limitation of space, only one example of the lexico-grammatical patterns is provided for each communicative function).

4. A. Introduction 1. General setting … have long been used as 2. Purpose of research The purpose of the present research was to 3. Literature review (citation) demonstrated that 4. Indication of a gap or extension of previous knowledge However, few researchers have reported

5. A. Introduction 5. Rationale A reason for this study is to 6. Major findings and results The results show that 7. Main features of research In this paper, a … is developed 8. Value of research …would greatly improve 9. Content and organization to follow …in the following sections

6. B. Materials and Methods 1. Overview or design of the investigation Experiments were undertaken to 2. Methods, approaches, models, techniques, or systems … techniques were used to 3. Population, samples, or subjects Samples of … were collected from 4. Location, time, or figures and tables This is illustrated in Fig. (number), where 5. Experimental conditions, criteria, or hypotheses It is assumed that

7. B. Materials and Methods 6. Procedure Several steps were taken to 7. Materials or equipment … be measured using 8. Variables, equations, or measurements The equation for … is as follows: …where 9. Tests Tests were performed 10. Comparison with other studies The same … has been reported in (citation)

8. C. Results 1. Overall description of the investigation Analyses were conducted using 2. Location of figures and tables … be presented in Fig. (number) 3. Presentation of important findings and results As can be seen in Fig.(number) 4. Comments on the results These results suggest that

9. D. Discussions and Conclusions 1. Background information An effort has been made to 2. Statement of results It has been shown that 3. Expected or unexpected outcome Unfortunately, we were not able to 4. Reference to previous research This is in good agreement with (citation)

10. D. Discussions and Conclusions 5. Explanation In view of the fact that 6. Deductions, generalizations, and applications It can be concluded that 7. Recommendations … be still needed for future…

11. Academic conventions Information is presented to readers in a structured format. Even short pieces of writing have regular, predictable patterns of organization. You can take advantage of these patterns, so that readers can still follow, even if you make errors. Source: Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2004). Aademic writing for graduate students: Essential tasks and skills (2nd ed.). Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press.