Introduction to Programming

1. Introduction to Programming Lecture 36

2. #include <iostream.h>#include <fstream.h>

3. iomanip.h

4. cin.eof ( ) ; • cin.fail ( ) ; • cin.bad ( ) ; • cin.good ( ) ; • cin.clrear ( ) ;

5. Manipulators

6. Stream Manipulators

7. float PI = 3.1415926 ;

8. endl

9. cout << endl ;

10. cout << flush ;

11. Manipulator With Arguments

12. Inline Manipulator

13. cout.flush ( ) ;

14. Number System • Binary • Decimal • Octal • Hexadecimal

15. Example int i = 10 ; cout << i ;

16. 10

17. Example #include <iostream.h> #include <iomanip.h> main ( ) { int i = 10 ; Output cout << oct << i << endl ; 12 cout << hex << i<< endl ; A cout << dec << i << endl ; 10 }

18. White Space

19. WS Manipulator

20. setw

21. Example #include <iostream.h> #include <iomanip.h> main ( ) { int i = 5 ; cout << “The value of i is = ” ; cout << setw ( 4 ) << i << endl ; }

22. setfill

23. cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) ; A Character

24. Example #include<iostream.h> #include<iomanip.h> Main ( ) { int i = 4000 ; cout << setfill ( ‘*’ ) << setw ( 10 ) << i << endl ; }

25. Set Precision Manipulator

26. Example #include<iostream.h> #include<iomanip.h> main ( ) { float number = 6.67076632 ; cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << number << endl ; }

27. Example #define PI 3.1415926 main ( ) { cout << PI << endl ; cout << setprecision ( 2 ) << PI << endl ; }

28. setbase

29. Example #include <iostream.h> #include <iomanip.h> main ( ) { int x = 10 ; cout << setbase ( 8 ) << x <<endl ; cout << setbase ( 16 ) << x <<endl ; cout << setbase ( 10 ) << x <<endl ; cout << setbase ( 0 ) << x <<endl ; } Same as setbase (10)

30. Input Output state flags IOS Flags

31. width ( ) ;

32. cin.width ( 7 ) ;cout.width ( 10 ) ;

33. cout.precision ( 2 ) ;

34. Example #include <iostream.h> #include <iomanip.h> main ( ) { int i = 10 , j = 20 ; cout << setw ( 7 ) << i <<endl ; cout << j ; }

35. Formatting Manipulation • ios :: adjustfield • ios :: left • ios :: right • ios :: left | ios :: right , ios :: adjustfield

36. cout.setf ( ios :: left , ios :: adjustfield ) ; Set Flag

37. cout.fill ( ‘*’ ) ;

38. cout.fill ( '0' ) ;

39. Formatting Manipulation cout.fill ( '0' ) ; cout << setw ( 10 ) << number << endl ;

40. cout.setf ( ios :: hex ) ;

41. 7ff 0111 1111 1111

42. showbase

43. showbase cout.setf ( ios :: showbase ) ;

44. showbase cout.setf ( ios :: showbase ) ; cout.setf ( ios::dec , ios :: basefield ) ; cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 77 cout.setf ( ios :: oct , ios :: basefield ) ; cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 077 cout.setf ( ios :: hex , ios :: basefield ) ; cout << x << '\n' ; // Outputs 0x77

45. ios :: scientific

46. cout.setf ( ios :: scientific ) ;

47. Scientific Notation 1.2334e+09 +/-

48. Fixed Point Notation

49. ios :: fixed

50. ios :: uppercase