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The human digestive System

The human digestive System. The Human Digestive System. We will divide the Human Digestive System into two main topics: Nutrition and what our body needs How the human body breaks down food and makes it available for use by ALL CELLS. Nutrition. food. Require Nutrients which are found in.

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The human digestive System

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  1. The human digestive System

  2. The Human Digestive System We will divide the Human Digestive System into two main topics: • Nutrition and what our body needs • How the human body breaks down food and makes it available for use by ALL CELLS.

  3. Nutrition food Require Nutrients which are found in Nutrients are needed for energy, growth, and all other life processes There are 5 kinds of nutrients: • Carbohydrates • Fats • Proteins • Vitamins • Minerals

  4. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are bread, pasta, rice and candy. • Starches and sugars are carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are your main source of energy • There are two kinds of carbohydrates: • Simple (Sugars) • Complex (Starches)

  5. Types of Carbohydrates Simple Complex • Sugar like candy • Used quickly by your body • Gives your body short, quick bursts of energy • Starches like bread and pasta • Gives your body energy over long periods of time.

  6. Fats • Fats are found in: • Steak, Ice Cream, Peanuts, Bacon, Oil, Lard, etc… • These are energy storage nutrients. The stored energy in fats is used if energy from carbohydrates is used up. • Fats are used for insulation: to keep you warm • Fats are used to protect/cushion your organs.

  7. Fats can be found in two forms: Solid Fat Oils (Liquid Fat) • Come from animals • Solid at room temperature • Comes from plants • Liquid at room temperature

  8. Protein • Proteins are the building blocks of living material. • You get protein from: • Milk, fish, cheese, peanuts, eggs, and meat. • Proteins are used for: • Growth and Repair • Building tissues and muscles • Making Enzymes: substances that regulate/control chemical activity.

  9. Protein continued… • The building blocks of proteins are Amino Acids. • Proteins are formed when smaller amino acid molecules join together. • There are about twenty (20) amino acids. • Twelve (12) are made in the body. • Eight (8) must be taken into the body

  10. Minerals • Minerals are nutrients needed by the body to develop properly • Each Mineral has a different job: Iron Forms red blood cells Calcium and Phosphorous Build strong teeth and bones Needed for healthy muscle, bone, and nerve tissue Sodium Controls body growth and oxidation of food Iodine

  11. What happens when you don’t get enough Iodine?

  12. A condition called Goiter!

  13. Vitamins • You get most of the vitamins you need from food. These are A, B, C, and E. • Exception: Vitamins D and K are made in your body • Vitamins are used to: • Regulate growth and the normal function of your body. • If you don’t get enough vitamins you get a deficiency

  14. Vitamins • You get most of the vitamins you need from food. These are A, B, C, and E. • Exception: Vitamins D and K are made in your body • Vitamins are used to: • Regulate growth and the normal function of your body. • If you don’t get enough vitamins you get a deficiency

  15. Water • All the chemical reactions in the body take place in water. • Water carries nutrients to and from the organs • It helps your body maintain its temperature • You get water from the foods you eat and the fluids you drink. Your body is about 50%-60% water.

  16. How do living things get energy? • They get their energy from food or photosynthesis • After food is broken down in the body, it can be used in respiration to produce energy • The slow burning of food in your body is called oxidation • Some energy is given off as heat. • The waste products are carbon dioxide and water.

  17. Calories • The amount of energy required to raise one gram of water by one degree Celsius. You don’t have to copy this down but, • 1000 (Scientific) Calories equals 1 Food Calorie.

  18. Different foods give off different amounts of energy. • Fat • Protein • Carbohydrates • 9 calories of energy/gram • 4 calories of energy/gram • 4 calories of energy/gram • Boys your age need about 2800 calories/day • Girls your age need about 2400 calories/day

  19. The Ever Evolving Food Pyramid

  20. How do we break down food? Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion • Breakdown food physically, using pressure to break apart larger chunks. • Example: • Breaking down food using water, enzymes, acids, etc… • Example: You body uses mechanical digestion to increase the surface area of food, which speeds up chemical digestion.

  21. How do we move food? • Using muscles we can control • Chewing and Swallowing • Using muscles out of our control • Stomach Churning • Peristalsis: A wavelike muscle contraction to squeeze food through a tube. http://www.westga.edu/~lkral/peristalsis/index.html http://www.innerbody.com/anim/mouth.html

  22. The Digestive Pathway Mouth • Mechanical Dig  • Chemical Dig  • Teeth • Salivary Glands • Saliva with Ptyalin • (Food) Throat / Pharynx • A tube to transport food water and air • (Bolus)

  23. The Digestive Pathway Mouth • (Food) Throat / Pharynx • (Bolus)

  24. The Digestive Pathway Epiglottis • Directs: • Air to ____________ • Water to ____________ • Food to ____________ • Lungs • (Respiratory System) • (Bolus) • Stomach • (Digestive System) • Stomach • (Digestive System)

  25. The Digestive Pathway Epiglottis • (Bolus) Source – centerforsoundsleep Source – mycotopia

  26. The Digestive Pathway Esophogus • Moves the bolus using Peristalsis • (Bolus) Source – centerforsoundsleep Source – mycotopia

  27. The Digestive Pathway The Stomach • Mechanical Dig  • Chemical Dig  • Churning • HCl to digest Carbs. • (Hydrochloric Acid) • (Bolus) • Pepsin to digest Proteins • (Enzyme)

  28. The Digestive Pathway Small Intestines • Moves food using Peristalsis • Increases surface area with villi • Digestion of Fats begin here • (Chyme) • Chemically breaks down food using secretions from the: • Pancreas • Liver First section: The duodenum

  29. The Digestive Pathway Small Intestines & The Accessory Organs • Secretes Pancreatic juices to breakdown nutrients Pancreas Liver • Creates Bile: • Breaks down Fats • Stored in Gall Bladder • The Pancreas and Liver

  30. The Digestive Pathway Now that your food is FULLY BROKEN DOWN (digested) Small Intestines Second Section • Nutrients are absorbed by the villi • What increases the rate/amount of absorption? • The villi’s shape increase the surface area • The intestines are looonng. • The chyme is pushed through by peristalsis. • (Chyme)

  31. The Digestive Pathway Now that your food is FULLY ABSORBED Large Intestines • Reabsorbes: • Water • Vitamin B & K • (Feces)

  32. The Digestive Pathway Rectum Anus • Feces is stored here • Feces is expelled here

  33. Tongue Salivary Gland Esophagus Epiglottis Liver Stomach Gall Bladder Pancreas Bile Duct Duodenum Villi Small Intestines Large Intestines Appendix Rectum Anus

  34. http://www.innerbody.com/anim/mouth.html

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