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Nutrition

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Nutrition. What is Nutrition?. All the body processes related to food Digestion Absorption Metabolism Circulation Elimination These processes allow food to be utilized by the body for energy, health, & growth. Essential Nutrients. Chemical elements found in food Carbohydrates Fats

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Nutrition

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  1. Nutrition

  2. What is Nutrition? • All the body processes related to food • Digestion • Absorption • Metabolism • Circulation • Elimination • These processes allow food to be utilized by the body for energy, health, & growth

  3. Essential Nutrients • Chemical elements found in food • Carbohydrates • Fats • Protein • Vitamins • Minerals • Water

  4. Carbohydrates • Used as the major source of energy for the body (4 kcal/gram) • Made up of complex sugars • Glucose, Galactose, Lactose, Maltose • Chemically made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen • Found in : • Fruits • Vegetables • Grains • Cellulose – fibrous, indigestible form of plant carbohydrates

  5. Fats • Also known as Lipids • Found in animal fat & some plants • Chemically made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen • Most concentrated form of energy (9 kcal/gram) • Provides insulation for body temperature • Cushioning around organs • Used to absorb fat-soluble vitamins • 3 types • Triglycerides • Phospholipids • Sterol (Cholesterol)

  6. Cholesterol • Some cholesterol is needed for the body • Used to: • steroid production • Vitamin D • Bile • Cell membranes • HDL • LDL

  7. Protein • Building block of all living cells • Repair damaged cells • Make new cells • Regulate body functions • Provide energy & heat • Chemically made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & nitrogen • May also contain sulfur, phosphorus, iron, & iodine

  8. Protein cont. • 22 Amino Acids make protein • 9 are essential for life • Other 13 are used in conjunction with the 9 • Foods with ALL 9 essentials are called COMPLETE • Meats, fish, milk, cheeses, & eggs • Foods with the other 13 & SOME of the 9 are IMCOMPLETE • Soy, peas, corn, nuts, dry beans, cereals

  9. Vitamins • Necessary in trace amounts • Used in metabolism • Tissue building • Regulation of body processes • Allow the body to utilize carbs, proteins, & fats • Antioxidants – prevent “Free Radicals” • A, C, E • Water soluble • Fat soluble

  10. Minerals • Only trace amounts are needed • Regulate body fluids (Na) • Assist in various functions • Contribute to growth • Assist building tissue

  11. Water • Used to: • Breakdown food • Blood plasma (What %?) • Cell cytoplasm • Absorb nutrients & vitamins How much do you think you need to drink each day?

  12. Metabolism • Process in which cells use the nutrients that are absorbed in the digestive process • Calculating Weight: • For MEN: 60 inches = 106 lbs; every inch after, add 6 lbs • For WOMEN: 60 inches = 100 lbs; every inch after, add 5 lbs

  13. Body Mass Index • Used more frequently as a more accurate summary of body health • Underweight = <18.5 • Normal weight = 18.5-24.9 • Overweight = 25-29.9 • Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

  14. Calorie • The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of water by 1 degree Celsius • 1 lb of body fat is 3500 calories • Needed to maintain weight: 15 kcal/lb each day (in 24 hours) • Exercise will increase the burning of calories

  15. Rickets • Rickets (also known as Osteomalacia) is a disease which occurs during the childhood of an individual, which involves softening and weakening of the bones caused by lack of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. • Symptoms: • knobbly enlargements on the ends of bones (arms, legs, spine, pelvis) • Bowing legs under weight • Forward projection of the breastbone (pigeon chest) • Bumps in the rib cage (rachitic rosary) • Asymmetrical or odd-shaped skull • Distorting pelvis under weight • Spinal curvature • Delayed formation of teeth • Muscle cramps • Impaired growth and/or short stature

  16. Scurvy • Vitamin C deficiency • Also known as Barlow Disease • Increased demand for Vitamin C may affect scurvy. These include pregnancy, inflammatory disease, burns, surgery, and exposure to heat or cold. • Usually takes 3 months to develop symptoms

  17. B12 • Destroyed by estrogen, sleeping pills, sunlight, alcohol • Pernicious anemia (deficiency) • Symptoms: • Slow growth • Poor appetite • Chronic fatigue • Sores in mouth • Numbness • Stiffness • Loss of mental energy • Loss of concentration

  18. Folic Acid (B9) • Also known as folate • Symptoms of deficiency: • Skin disorders • Hair loss • Poor circulation • Grayish – brown pigmentation of skin • Mental depression • Reproductive issues

  19. The most common symptoms • swollen, purple spongy gums that will bleed very easily. • Fatigue • weight loss • weakness • irritability • aches • Fever • wounds that don’t heal.

  20. Beriberi • B1 (thiamine) deficiency • Most common in alcohol abuse • Wet - affects the CV system • Awakening at night short of breath • Increased heart rate • Shortness of breath with activity • Swelling of the lower legs

  21. Dry – affects the nervous system • Difficulty walking • Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet • Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs • Mental confusion/speech difficulties • Pain • Strange eye movements (nystagmus) • Tingling • Vomiting

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