SYSTEM OF SME’s IN DISADVANTAGED AREAS LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM

2. SYSTEM OF SME’s IN DISADVANTAGED AREAS LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM WORK PACKAGE 4 SISTEMA DELLE PMI NELLE ZONE SVANTAGGIATE MERCATO DEL LAVORO E SISTEMA DELLA FORMAZIONE

3. The background (1) • The employment growth and re-employment questions are the mains problems in Europe and Equal Initiative is one of the instruments adopted to solve it by European Union. • At the some time each European countries develop specific policy, in this field. • In this frame, one of the used instruments is the training.

4. In fact in almost all European countries, training for the unemployed is the “largest category of active programs” and is often perceived as the principal alternative to regular unemployment benefits. In many countries, in fact, training accounts over 50% of the expenditure on active labour market programs. From this point we started to decide the theme of work package 4, because we think can be useful, for each of us, to compare the different ways to face the problems. The background (2)

5. The areas involved

6. Greece Project code GR-232209 ADAPTABILITY OF TOURISM AND LOCAL PRODUCT SMES IN EPIRUS

7. In 1997 the country attained a fiscal deficit of 4.2% of the GDP against 14.4% in 1993. The inflation rate in September 1999 dropped to 2% against 12.3% at the end of 1993. The growth rate in 1998 was 3.7%. At the same time, high investment rates have been registered in the public (18.2%) and the public (8.3%) sectors in 1997, according to the National Observatory for Employment. The employment rate over the period 1998 – 1997 has fallen gradually from 46.25% (1988) to 43.50% (1997). During the same time however, the working age population increased from 7.907.405 to 8.859.430. Greece: a general frame

8. The Greek labor market is still characterized by high unemployment, particularly among young people and women, and long-term unemployment still accounts for more than 55% of the total. A first reform has been introduced in 2001 to attempt the employment protection legislation, overtime and part-time work more flexible, but their impact on employment promotion appears to have been limited so far. A new package of labor market reforms was introduced in 2004 which included : the reduction of non-wage costs for unemployed women with children; the creation of part-time jobs in the public sector to offer social services, ecc. At this moment there are not data to evaluate the impact of these measures. Labour market in Greece

9. Adapting the educational system better to the labor market needs is indispensable for achieving improved labor market performance. For example, the transition of young people from initial education to working life in Greece remains very slow by international standards. Recent policy initiatives attempt to improve the link between education, initial vocational and continuing training, and labor market needs. The educational system

10. Many measures are taken the late years in order to boost development and entrepreneurship. These measures are closely related to fighting unemployment, provide citizens of the rural areas with skills capacity in order to participate in all different aspects of production and finally strengthen weak production sectors that are estimated to be powerful. All types of enterprises, mainly the SMEs, managed to adopt in the new needs and directions. This new training system created a frame in favor of both employees and employers. Still, there is a long way to go until both parts realize the necessity of specialization and innovation in all aspects. Resume

11. Epirus is defined as one of the poorest regions in Greece. Indicators such as, low birth range, low or minimum Industrial production, highly depending on the farming and agriculture, less buying capacity per citizen, show that the Region needs further investments in all production areas as well as in human manpower. Special training programs has been implemented – and still continue – in order to enhance the less skilled in specific sectors that have resulted by a Regional research conducted by all Development bodies in the area. These programs managed to reduce the unemployment rate by 21,4% by the year 2003. LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM IN EPIRUS REGION (1)

12. Specific features & policies have changed the images in Epirus, such as : Major constructions employ people participated in training programs in all sectors, Changed the working culture : “people focusing in Public Services – do not anymore” Special privileges given to SMEs in order to employ “sensitive groups” (i.e.: long term unemployed, females, people with special needs, citizens in rural mountainous areas, etc.) LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM IN EPIRUS REGION (2)

13. A vast amount of training projects took place and still do, in order to offer unique skills in people with a traditional background. As such, enterprises are obliged by the Law to employ a percentage of people coming from these groups. Many SMEs – particularly in the Industry sector and Manufacture – employ a significant amount of people who wouldn’t step out unemployment in any other way. LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM IN EPIRUS REGION (3)

14. Many measures are taken the late years in order to boost development and entrepreneurship. These measures are closely related to fighting unemployment, provide citizens of the rural areas with skills capacity in order to participate in all different aspects of production and finally strengthen weak production sectors that are estimated to be powerful. LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM IN EPIRUS REGION (4)

15. All types of enterprises, mainly the SMEs, managed to adopt in the new needs and directions. This new training system created a frame in favor of both employees and employers. Still, there is a long way to go until both parts realize the necessity of specialization and innovation in all aspects. LABOR MARKET & TRAINING SYSTEM IN EPIRUS REGION (5)

16. Italy Project code IT-G2-CAM-069 CRESCO IN CAMPANIA` - CROSSING OVER DELLE ESIGENZE DI COMPETENZE

17. The Italy Company Map of the enterprises’ distribution on the Italian territory. Recorded enterprises every 100 inhabitants Some data about the Italy Company

18. The analysis of the productive structure of the Campania region shows the presence of a lot of very small, small and medium enterprises in every economic sector. Their number grows when we consider the trade, the services and the industrial sectors. The SMEs in the Campania region ask economic and territorial policies so to enhance the competitiveness of the territorial production systems. They need an integrated perspective in the competitiveness field among urban and production systems, especially when there is a lack of logistic support infrastructure for the development of the SMEs. The Campania region

19. The employment market in Italy and in Campania region

20. Unemployed women in Italy and in Campania Region

21. Who provide to unemployed people in Italy • In Italy the unemployment matter is up to by: • INPS (National Institute for the Public Welfare) together with • Employment Centres The first one gives financial support to the unemployed people by means of unemployment benefits and mobility compensations. The second one provides consultancy and assistance to the unemployed people looking for a new job.

22. Employment Centres In the employment market a significant role is attributed to employment centres, responsible for providing adequate information and selection services to support the encounter of supply and demand, implementing support services to accompany placement and training of underprivileged segments, offering the territory a point of reference for planning, promotion and implementation activities supporting employment.

23. Through the www.lavorocampania.itportal and the e-Labor platform, the Region has created a tool for encouraging the encounter of employment supply and demand There are provinces, like Naples for instance, that have activated a site for jobseekers or for specific actions: this is the case of Naples Provincial Council’s www.nonlavoro.net website, and that of Salerno Provincial Council, www.preokkupati.it. At national level there are also platforms that make it possible for training supply and demand to meet, and one is precisely www.form-azione.it. Actions in the labour market in Campania region

24. Since 1993 innovative forms of bilateral collaboration have been experimented between social parties: Joint Interprofessional Funds; At the end of 2004, the Funds for lifelong learning began operating in favour of workers and enterprises. The innovative forms on the italian training system

25. Slovakia Project code SK-50 EAE (EQUALITY OF ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT)

26. Labour market has passed through the big changes from 1989. In Slovakia job seekers began to register for the first time in February 1990. Problematic groups of unemployed were gradually outlined in the labour market (alumni and juvenile, persons with changed work ability, low qualified and without qualification, Roma population,ecc.) Labour market in Slovakia

27. Unemployment development in the SR from 1992

28. Rate of unemployment in 2006 From the data published by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs for the first quarter of 2006 that the growth of employment rate was recorded almost in all sectors, the most in building industry (by 22.8 thousand employees), hotels and restaurants (by 14.2 thousand employees) and commerce (by 16.8 thousand).

29. Viceversa the growth of employment rate was recorded almost in all sectors: the most in building industry (by 22.8 thousand employees) hotels and restaurants (by 14.2 thousand employees) and commerce (by 16.8 thousand) Health care, social care and real estates, leasing and commercial activities were exception to the trend of growth Employment in 2006

30. Act No. 311/2001 Labour Code Act No.5/2004 on employment services Act No. 82/2005 on illegal works and illegal employment Act No.2/1991 on collective bargaining Act No. 365/2004 Anti-discrimination act Labour market and legislation The most important acts regarding the labour market are:

31. Employment in enterprises State of small and medium enterprising 2004 and 2005

32. Human resources In human resources concerns there is a necessity to support investments to the educational reform Recommendations for improvement of the business environment for human resources and education indicators

33. Ministry/Headquarters of Labour, Social Affairs and Family Labour offices Legal entity or private person Agency for temporary job Agency for supporting of employment Institutional support to the labour market in Slovakia Current structure of institutional support to employment services and their main responsibilities in the SR is following:

34. Active policy in the labour market Instruments of active policy in labour market within national projects

35. RETRAINING PROGRAMMES RETRAINING OF UNEMPLOYED PERSON BEING KEPT IN THE FILES RETRAINING OF EMPLOYEES Theoretical or practical preparation if unemployed person or an employee after finishing compulsory elementary education has not attained any skills, Special training for unemployed persons being kept in the files aimed at finding or obtaining a job, Preparation courses for complementary finishing elementary education for unemployed people who are kept in the files of unemployed, Preparation courses for entry exams to secondary schools for unemployed persons kept in the files, Courses for people with changed work capability that will enable them to attain new skills Training system/Education of adults

36. Spain Project code ES-20040515 SNE HACIA UNA AGRICULTURA EMPRESARIAL

37. LABOUR MARKET REPORT Last reports on labour market pointed that only three regions within Spain had reached the European commitment of having an unemployment rate under 5%. Extremadura and Andalucia are the regions with higher unemployment rates (17,2% and 17,1% respectively) while Navarra, Aragón y La Rioja have the lowest rates (around 5%).

38. LABOUR MARKET IN SPAIN 2004

39. LABOUR MARKET IN CACERES PROVINCE/NORTH 2005

40. LABOUR MARKET BY SECTORS

41. PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN SPAIN

42. PROFESSIONAL TRAINING IN SPAIN: PARTICIPANTS

43. Some conclusions • In each of our countries the laboru market has a big contraddiction and big problems, in particular in our region of interventions; • The way to face these problem, are often similar in our countries; • We need more positive actions at all levels, to solve the problems of unemployment, in particular in the rural areas; • For this, it could be useful to develop a common strategies and instruments, like Equal and Equal transnational activities, because we are all, at last, european people.

44. Thanks for your attention Grazie per la vostra attenzione