A rchitecture

1. Architecture From way back thentill now

2. Mesopotamia • Ancient art and architecture • With the rise of civilization = increase developments in art and architecture • Hanging Gardens of Babylon • Tower of Babel

3. Pyramids The Reoccurrence of the Pyramid: • This shape recurs throughout history and in diverse cultures, many of which have thought the shape itself had magic powers. • Man-made landmarks like Mesopotamian Ziggurats or flat-sided Egyptian pyramids dominated their landscapes, creating a visual effect as stunning as the amount of effort required to build them.

4. Pyramids Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

5. Pyramids The Reoccurrence of the Pyramid: • The Mayan stepped pyramids in Mexico and I.M. Pei’s glass entrance to the Louvre in Paris are two examples of the pyramid shape of different times in different cultures. • Is it merely coincidence that the pyramids of Mesopotamia, the cradle of architecture, have served as a symbolic shape for 20th century architects?

6. Architect: I.M. Pei A Master of Modern Architecture: • Born in China (1917) before heading to the US for further studies • Started as a lowly architect, part of a major building company • Eventually moved on to start an independent firm I. M. Pei & Associates • Internationally acclaimed Architect with designs built across the globe

7. Architect: I.M. Pei The John F Kennedy Library in Boston MA

8. Architect: I.M. Pei Luce Memorial Chapel, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan

9. Greek Architecture Architecture for the Ages: • Considered one of the most beautiful and influential buildings of all time. • Greeks set the standard for building architectural monuments based on the rules of symmetry and ideal portions. • The Parthenon indirectly inspired the temple format of Thomas Jefferson’s Virginia Capital and many more iconic buildings of modern times.

10. Inspired Architecture Virginia State Capitol, Richmond Virginia, USA

11. Roman Architecture Roman appropriation: • Romans were greatly inspired by the Greeks and sought to mimic their styles • However, over time, the Romans developed their own spin on things as their civilization grew to become the greatest empire the world has ever known. • The Greeks shined at innovation and creating new and beautiful things. Their structures were idealized and ‘romantic’. Meanwhile, the Romans were practical people who brought forth advancement in engineering.

12. Inspired Architecture United States Capitol, Washington D.C

13. Late Renaissance St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome

14. Baroque St. Paul’s Cathedral, England

15. The Industrial Age The Crystal Palace, 1850-1935. London, England.

16. The Industrial Age The Eiffel Tower, 1889. Paris, France.

17. Relationship btw Art and Society Is Art a reflection of Society? Discuss.

18. The Birth of Modern Architecture The Beginnings of ‘Form follows Function’: • New materials, technology and needs were drastically changing the profession of architecture. • Breaking free from ancient Greek and Roman prototypes • The changing face of the a growing cityscape • The rise of skyscrapers • America comes into focus as a budding center of modern design • The Empire State Building (1931)

19. Modern Architecture Geometry to Live In: • Victorian homes were bulky and complicated and Modernist architects changed all that. • Gone were the historical ornament designs. The goal was now ‘high-tech’ and clean designs. • Science and industry was the new ‘religion’. The house became a ‘machine’ for living. • Rise of an International Style. •  The common characteristics of the International style include: • a radical simplification of form • a rejection of ornament • adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred materials

20. Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright A Genius in his own Mind: • “Not only do I intend to be the greatest architect who has yet lived, but the greatest architect of all time.” • Instead on natural forms and materials. Respect for the environment. • Started with designing “Prairie Houses” which blend with their natural setting. • Moved on to a wide array of styles, designing based on inspiration and whim.

21. Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright • Falling Water (Kaufmann House), 1936, Pennsylvania.

22. De Stijl (the style) • RietveldSchröder House (1924), Netherlands

23. Guggenheim Museum, NY • Guggenheim Museum (1959), New York

24. Architect: Frank Gehry The Magician: • “It was by accident that I got into the fish image.” • While his contemporaries were referring back to the Greeks for inspiration, Gehry went further back to pre-historic times and drew inspiration from fish. • Gehry has built an architectural career spanning four decades and has produced public and private buildings in America, Europe and Asia.  • “The Bilbao effect."

25. Architect: Frank Gehry • Guggenheim Museum Bilbao (1997), Spain

26. Architect: Frank Gehry

27. Architect: Frank Gehry • Walt Disney Concert Hall (2003), Los Angeles

28. Architect: Frank Gehry • Dancing House(2003), Prague

29. Architect: Frank Gehry • Dancing House(2003), Prague

30. Architect: Santiago Calatrava Bridging Engineering and Art: • He observes and takes inspiration from nature and the human body. • With all the studies and knowledge, Santiago Calatrava reconciles two materials that do not always come together easily: art and engineering. • With a knowledge of modern engineering and its technologies, he can make his paintings and his inspiration become great works of art in form of large-scale sculptures. • http://abduzeedo.com/architect-day-santiago-calatrava

31. Architect: Santiago Calatrava Lyon Airport Station, Lyon, France

32. Architect: Santiago Calatrava Orient Station, Lisbon, Portugal

33. Architect: Santiago Calatrava Campo Volantin Bridge, Bilbao, Spain

34. Architect: Santiago Calatrava

35. Assignment #01 Design a structure using ______________as inspiration. You will be required to build a scaled model of your design.