Introduction to CERN and Grid Computing

1. Introduction to CERN and Grid Computing HP ProCurve event CERN, 20 February 2008 Dr. Wolfgang von Rüden CERN, Geneva

2. CERN stands for over 50 years of… • fundamental research and discoveries • technological innovation • training and education • bringing the world together 1954 Rebuilding Europe First meeting of theCERN Council 2004 Global Collaboration The Large Hadron Collider involves over 80 countries 1980 East meets West Visit of a delegation from Beijing Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

3. CERN Governance Twenty Member States:Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech RepublicDenmark Finland France GermanyGreece Hungary Italy NetherlandsNorway Poland Portugal Slovak RepublicSpain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Plus eight Observer States: European Commission, India, Israel, Japan, Russian Federation, Turkey, UNESCO and USA Budget: (2008) 1154 MCHF (715 MEUR) Personnel: 2600 Staff, 700 Fellows and Associates, 8000 Users Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

4. Fundamental physics questions: • Why do particles have mass? • Newton could not explain it - and neither can we… • What is 96% of the Universe made of? • We only know 4% of it! • Why is there no antimatter left in the Universe? • Nature should be symmetrical • What was matter like during the first second of the Universe’s life, right after the "Big Bang"? • A journey towards the beginning of the Universe will gives us deeper insight CERN is building the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), due to start up in summer 2008, which should give us some answers by looking at microscopic big bangs to understand the fundamental laws of nature Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

5. LEP LHC 300’000 years 1 billion years 15 billion years 1 s 3 min 10-10 s 10-34 s Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

6. CERN’s Tools – Innovation at all levels • The world’s most powerful accelerator: LHC • A 27 km long tunnel filled with high-tech instruments • Equipped with thousands of superconducting magnets • Accelerates particles to energies never obtained before • Produces particle collisions creating microscopic “big bangs” • Very large sophisticated detectors • Four experiments each the size of a cathedral • Hundred million measurement channels each • Data acquisition systems treating Petabytes per second • Top level computing to distribute and analyse the data • A Computing Grid linking ~200 computer centres around the globe • Sufficient computing power and storage to handle 15 Petabytes per year, making them available to thousands of physicists for analysis Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

7. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

8. The “ATLAS” experiment (under construction) 7000 tons, 150 million sensors, 1 petabyte/s Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

9. A Grid with over 200 computer centres Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

10. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

11. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

12. How does it work? Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

13. Proton acceleration and collision Protons are accelerated by several machines up to their final energy (7+7 TeV) Head-on collisions are produced right in the centre of a detector, which records the new particle being produced Such collisions take place 40 million times per second, day and night, for about 100 days per year Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

14. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN CERN – March 2007

15. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN CERN – March 2007

16. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN CERN – March 2007

17. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN CERN – March 2007

18. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

19. CERN pushes innovation in many areas • Pushing the limits of what is possible • Magnetic fields, vacuum, precision alignment, cryogenics • Transport, displacement of very heavy equipment • High density radiation-tolerant silicon detectors • Large scale industrial control systems • Electronics and computing systems • Project management and coordination • Advanced computing projects • LHC Computing Grid – a world-wide collaboration • EGEE – a global Grid infrastructure for many sciences • openlab – a CERN-industry partnership to push IT innovation Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

20. Essential ingredients for innovation • A concrete project with ambitious goals and a deadline • Highly competent and motivated teams in all domains and at all levels • Open collaboration with competent partners • Prestigious universities and research institutes • Industrial partners for key technologies • CERN openlab in the IT domain • Learn from others, share your results freely Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

21. A science – industry partnership to drive R&D and innovation • Started in 2002, now in second round, future under preparation Motto: “you make it – we break it” • Evaluates state-of-the-art technologies in a very complex environment and improves them • Test in a research environment today what will be used in industry tomorrow • Leads to better products and methods Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

22. Large network behaviour project • A high-performance network is an essential part of CERN’s computing infrastructure • The project goal is to understand the behaviour of large computer networks (10’000+ nodes) in High Performance Computing or large Campus installations to be able to: • Detect traffic anomalies in the system • Be able to perform trend analysis • Automatically take counter measures • Provide post-mortem analysis facilities Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

23. ProCurve @ CERN today Note: The CORE is based on Force-10 routers Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

24. Project scheme Collector(s) Storage Analysis Sampled Flow info & other sources Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

25. CERN – HP Collaboration • HP has been an openlab partner from the beginning in 2002 • HP ProCurve joined in 2007 • Long-term commitment and partnership with detailed projects adapted to changing needs and evolution • Very successful collaboration for many years in multiple domains Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

26. CERN – a unique organisation Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

27. The fastest racetrack on the planet… Trillions of protons will race around the 27km ring in opposite directions over 11,000 times a second, travelling at 99.999999991 per cent the speed of light. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

28. The emptiest space in the solar system… To accelerate protons to almost the speed of light requires a vacuum as empty as interplanetary space. There is 10 times more atmosphere on the moon than there will be in the LHC. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

29. One of the coldest places in the universe… With an operating temperature of about -271 degrees Celsius, just 1.9 degrees above absolute zero, the LHC is colder than outer space. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

30. The hottest spots in the galaxy… When two beams of protons collide, they will generate temperatures 1000 million times hotter than the heart of the sun, but in a minuscule space. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

31. The biggest most sophisticated detectors ever built… ALICE To sample and record the debris from up to 600 million proton collisions per second, scientists are building gargantuan devices that measure particles with micron precision. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

32. One of the most extensive computer system in the world… To analyse the data, tens of thousands of computers around the world are being harnessed in the Grid. The laboratory that gave the world the web, is now taking distributed computing a big step further. Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN

33. The Mecca of the Particle Physics community … … bringing the world together Wolfgang von Rüden, CERN