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IS 376 October 1, 2013

IS 376 October 1, 2013. “ Robotics, The New Industrial Revolution” By German Carro Fernandez, Sergio Martin Gutierrez, Elio Sancristobal Ruiz, Francisco Mur Perez, and Manuel Castro Gil IEEE Technology and Society Magazine Summer 2012. “ The Rise of the ROBOT WORKER ”

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IS 376 October 1, 2013

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  1. IS 376 October 1, 2013 “Robotics, The New Industrial Revolution” By German Carro Fernandez, Sergio Martin Gutierrez, ElioSancristobal Ruiz, Francisco Mur Perez, and Manuel Castro Gil IEEE Technology and Society Magazine Summer 2012 “The Rise of the ROBOT WORKER” By EricoGuizzo and Evan Ackerman IEEE Spectrum October 2012

  2. WORKPLACE AUTOMATION Automating processes that were once performed by humans is an age-old means to relegate tedious tasks to machines, which are better able to perform them consistently and correctly, without succumbing to boredom. In Daily Interaction: In The Grocery: In The Office: Examples: Universal Product Codes instead of price stickers Pre-recorded drive-through greetings Printing instead of photocopying Self-checkout instead of regular checkout Automated doctor appointment reminders Direct deposit instead of payroll checks Page 2 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  3. ROBOTS The term “robot” was coined by KarelČapek in his 1921 play “R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots)”, about a factory that produces artificial people, who ultimately rebel and drive humanity to extinction. Page 3 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  4. INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS Robots are extremely popular in factories, where their endurance, speed, precision, and programmability make them perfect for such jobs as: • Assembly • Painting • Welding • Packaging • Palletizing • Loading • Inspecting • Testing Page 4 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  5. INDUSTRIAL ROBOT STATISTICS Page 5 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  6. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS In order to program industrial robots to perform precisely, various parameters must be specified and closely monitored. Working Envelope The region of space that the robot is able to reach. Kinematics The arrangement of rigid sections and flexible joints making up the robot. Degrees of Freedom The set of rotational and translational movements of which the robot is capable. Payload The amount of weight the robot is capable of lifting. Precision The accuracy with which the robot can reach a particular position. Repeatability The robot’s ability to return to an exact position. Page 6 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  7. BAXTER Human Presence Detection (360° sonar & front-face camera) $22K factory robot from Rethink Robotics Behavior-Based Intelligence (adapts to changing environment) User Interface (navigator on arm; expression on face) Vision-Guided (movement & object identification) Force Sensing & Control (at each joint) Natural Compliance (spring-based sensors detect bumping into people/objects) Direct Training (tasks taught via arm movement, not programming) Page 7 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  8. VIVA KIVA! Kiva Systems in Massachusetts has developed a robot that works in warehouses to identify and retrieve warehouse inventory, usually for mail order businesses. Items are selected from cabinets to be included in specific orders. Full pallets of products are delivered to cabinet replenishment stations. Completed orders are delivered to the loading dock. Page 8 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  9. DANGER! DANGER! Robots are commonly used for tasks that would be too dangerous for humans. Firefighting On-Orbit Servicing Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle Search & Rescue Underwater Oil Capping Explosive Ordnance Disposal Page 9 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  10. ROBOT AVATARS Telepresence robots are designed to stand in for humans who are in remote locations, in this case with a video screen hat and camera and laser pointer eyes. Using a Web browser, the human controls the robot from home, using the robot’s mobility and voice and video capabilities to participate in meetings and interact with coworkers. Page 10 October 1, 2013 IS 376

  11. THE UNCANNY VALLEY In 1970, cognitive scientist Masahiro Mori noticed a relationship between how close an object approximates a human likeness and the ease with which people respond to the object. Familiarity Healthy Person Humanoid Robot A child hugs a doll more than a pillow. An industrial robot looks utilitarian, while primitive humanoid robots look “cute”. Bunraku Puppet Human Likeness Stuffed Animal Mori observed that past a certain point, however, a simulated human likeness strikes people as “creepy” unless it literally cannot be distinguished from a real human. Industrial Robot Corpse Prosthetic Hand Still Moving Zombie IS 376 October 1, 2013 Page 11

  12. EMOTIONAL ATTACHMENT Recent research indicates that military personnel are increasingly forming emotional attachments to their EOD (explosive ordinance disposal) robots While soldiers insist that attachment to their robots does not affect their performance, they acknowledged they felt a range of emotions such as frustration, anger and even sadness when their field robot was destroyed. This has resulted in speculation that outcomes on the battlefield could be compromised by human-robot attachment, or the feeling of self-extension into the robot described by some operators. It has been suggested that the next generation of EOD robots should be designed to have less personality, and be more like tools, so that they're harder to form relationships with. IS 376 October 1, 2013 Page 12

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