Governance & Transparency Fund

Partnership – 2009-2013 Governance & Transparency Fund A National Conversation Formative Research Findings

Transparency Accountability Participation Project Goal A National Conversation • To enhance TBCs’s capacity to provide citizens with opportunities to check government decisions and voice their views and needs, thereby increasing demand for good governance and accountability To check government decisions To increase demand for good governance To voice citizens views and needs

Research Learning Co-Production Project Activities A National Conversation Formative Research Training Plan Media Products Audience Research Skills Sharing Radio & Television

Needs Assessment Qualitative Quantitative Formative Research A National Conversation

The ‘Big Change’ PSB since 2007, previously state broadcaster since 1950’s TBC 1 National TV station, 2 National & 1 Dar-only radio stations Tido Mhando, Director General since late 2006 Vision to make TBC the leading broadcaster in TZ Re-vamped Senior Management Team Re-vamped News & Current Affairs New popular programmes (comedy, football, talent) Bigger and better national coverage Quality & Reputation of TBC is improving – TBC now has the 2nd most watched TV station in the country, and the 2nd most listened to radio station. TBC is now the nations favourite news provider.

Radio TV 2010 ‘make or break’ Audience Engagement Skills & Equipment Who’s ‘Big Change’? An assessment of where TBC is at... TBC The 6 Key Issues from the Needs Assessment In Research... = Innovation What is PSB anyway? = Inertia Is TBC state or PSB? ...& in Programmes Staff involvement... Elections Craft Production Taking it to the Next Level Editorial Management ...& Staff Commitment

Formative Research: Qualitative Methodology Focus Groups Photographs To establish what citizens concepts are around governance issues: what are the issues of their concern, what do they think about them and what do they think should be done about them Equipping people with cameras to freely take photos of everyday issues that affect them in their lives Field Visual Analysis Effective in unpacking complex phenomenon in everyday communities – constructing voice Using the photos to facilitate discussion and debate

Formative Research: Qualitative Kilwa Kigoma Kongwa Kinondoni 4 districts chosen for the study 6 Focus Groups per district Mix of age, sex, occupation, rural/urban Field Visual Analysis FGD Groups: 1 – Students 2 – Housewives 3 – Fishermen 4 – HIV+ 5 – Professionals 6 – Journalists FGD Groups: 1 – Business People 2 – Daladala Drivers 3 – Farmers 4 – Herders 5 – Old People 6 – Unemployed FGD Groups: 1 – Fishermen 2 – Housewives 3 – Teachers 4 – Disabled 5 – Taxi Drivers 6 – Business People FGD Groups: 1 – Health Workers 2 – Youth 3 – Farmers 4 – Old People 5 – Housewives 6 – Fishermen 155 Photos 89 Photos 151 Photos 94 Photos

Formative Research: Qualitative Kilwa Kigoma Kongwa Kinondoni Unprompted, in order of amount of time spent discussing each theme Coded thematically Main Topics of Discussion 1 – The Media 2 – Social / Govt Responsibility 3 – Infrastructure 4 – Education 5 – Transport 6 – Environment 1 – Social / Govt Responsibility 2 – Transport 3 – Livelihood 4 – The Media 5 – Education 6 – Cost of Living 7 – Health 1 – Social / Govt Responsibility 2 – Transport 3 – Livelihood 4 – Education 5 – Cost of Living 6 – The Media 7 – Health 1 – Education 2 – Health 3 – Livelihood 4 – Transport

“Mvuviafanye nini ili awezekufanikiwa?” “What should a fisherman do in order to make it?” Kigoma Fisherman

“Tumefikamahalitumekatatamaa, tumechoka. Mimeaimekauka, tumeshaongea, tukachoka” “We’ve got to the point where we have given up, we are tired. The crops have dried up, we’ve already talked about it, we’ve had enough” Kongwa Farmer

“Hapakwetuumemesisihatuna. Hiyo nguzounayoionaimepita tu” “We haven’t got any electricity here. This pole that you see, is just passing it over us” Kilwa Health Worker

“Tunaoishi na virusi vya UKIMWI tunafaatulematunda kwa afyayetu, ilamiminitatoawapielfu moja kununuananasi?” “Those of us living with HIV should eat fruit for our health, but where am I going to get 1,000 shillings from to buy a pineapple?” Kinondoni HIV+ Lady

“Kilimo cha jembekinatuhimizasanamgongo. Tumeahadiwamatrakta, lakinimatraktayenyewehatuyaoni” “Farming with hoes puts a lot of strain on our backs. We have been promised tractors, but the tractors themselves, we don’t see them” Kilwa Housewife

“Hivi ni vyanzo vyetu vya maji” “These are our water sources” Kilwa Old Man

“Sehemu tunazokaasisi wa hali ya chinisionzuri kwa huku” “The places we live in – for lower class folk like us – aren’t good around here” Kinondoni Housewife

Formative Research: Qualitative Electricity Education Livelihood Environment Economy Water Health Roads When Tanzanians talk about governance , they talk about social services and issues • What does the study tell us?

Formative Research: Qualitative Tanzanians feel as though the government is not doing enough to address their problems • What does the study tell us? “The government is to blame” “The government does not want to assist me” • “The government does not care about us” “The government calls meetings to discuss but nothing happens” “The government cannot fulfil its promises” “The problem is that our leaders do not know how to do their duties”

Formative Research: Qualitative Tanzanians do not feel they can – or know how to – raise their concerns with the government • What does the study tell us? “We don’t get help and we don’t know what to do” “You know these things have been going on for a long time, they have not started today or yesterday” “We have this thing that whoever says the truth most of the time is seen as a bad person” “To tell the truth we have never taken our complaints anywhere” “To be honest I think we have already given up” “Whatever I am saying I hope will be heard by the government so that they will listen to these voices and help us”

Formative Research: Qualitative Tanzanians feel as though the government is not doing enough to address their problems When Tanzanians talk about governance , they talk about social services and issues Tanzanians do not feel they can, or know how, to raise their concerns with the government • What does the study tell us? The Discourse of Disillusion

Formative Research: Quantitative • To understand and benchmark people’s knowledge, attitudes and self-reported behaviours with respect to selected governance and media indicators • This included: • People’s media exposure and media consumptions patterns Baseline Survey • People’s level of trust in media providers • Whether people feel they have the ability to raise important issues with their political leaders • The extent to which people feel they can influence public discussion especially around governance issues • People’s perceptions of transparency, accountability and participation in governance matters / issues of public importance • The extent to which people feel that TBC covers issues important to them • The extent to which people feel TBC is independent of government

Formative Research: Quantitative 1,668 respondents (47% female) Semi-structured questionnaire Face-to-face interviews Systemic probability sampling method Baseline Survey

Formative Research: Quantitative • Engagement with the Media

Formative Research: Quantitative • Media availability at the household level?

Formative Research: Quantitative • TV station most watched?

Formative Research: Quantitative • Radio station most listened to?

Formative Research: Quantitative • Which direction do you think the country is moving in?

Formative Research: Quantitative • Is corruption a major problem...?

Formative Research: Quantitative • How much influence do you think you have in government decision making?

Formative Research: Quantitative • How interested would you say you are in politics?

Formative Research: Quantitative • How satisfied are you with democracy in Tanzania?

Formative Research: Quantitative • What are the biggest issues facing Tanzania? • ...and in your local area where you live? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Corruption in Government Water Scarcity Poverty Unemployment Unemployment Poor Roads Infrastructure Poor Education Poor Health Care HIV & AIDS Lack of Reliable Electricity Food Scarcity Poverty Poor Roads Infrastructure Poor Education Poor Health Care Food Scarcity Water Scarcity Unclean Environment Lack of Reliable Electricity Corruption in Government Drought No Clean Water Rising Prices / High Inflation HIV & AIDS No / Poor Economic Development Crime / Violence / Lawlessness Crime / Violence / Lawlessness Drought No Clean Water Rising Prices / High Inflation

For more information, please contact: Jimmy Innes, Country Director, BBC-WST Tanzania jimmy.innes@bbcwst.net

Governance & Transparency Fund