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Introduction to the Bible

Introduction to the Bible. Origin Inspiration History. Origin. God is The Author What does this Mean? Inspired men were moved by the Spirit “Authentic” – authority of an Apostle Mark – Peter’s Companion Luke – St. Paul’s authority. Origin of the Bible.

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Introduction to the Bible

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  1. Introduction to the Bible Origin Inspiration History

  2. Origin • God is The Author • What does this Mean? • Inspired men were moved by the Spirit • “Authentic” – authority of an Apostle • Mark – Peter’s Companion • Luke – St. Paul’s authority

  3. Origin of the Bible • The word Bible comes from the Greek “biblion” – means book • Refers to all of the books of both Testaments • Interpretation of the Bible – Who is responsible? • The Church (guided by the Holy Spirit) is the official guardian and interpreter.

  4. Canon of the Bible • Our Bible * has 73 books • Vary in length from a few hundred to many thousands of words • 46 (some have 45) books of the Old Testament • 27 books of the New Testament • Testament means pact, agreement, or “covenant”

  5. Determination of Biblical Canon • Confusion about which books were inspired • Council of Hippo in 393 A.D. first determined the books that were part of the canon • Council of Trent in 1546 formally canonized the books of the Bible • Books rejected by the Council of Hippo called the APOCRYPHA

  6. Biblical canon Continued • Protestant Apocrypha different from Catholic definition. • Protestants call 7 books found in Catholic Bible the Apocrypha (not found in Protestant Bible) • The 7 books are: Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, • Baruch, 1 and 2 Maccabees, parts of Esther, and Daniel

  7. Language and Division of the Bible • Catholic and Protestant New Testament books are identical. • Original 3 languages of the Bible: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek • Aramaic- language that Jesus spoke • Most of the OT written in Hebrew • Most of the NT written in Greek

  8. Textual Division of the Bible • Bible not originally divided into chapter and verse • Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, • 13th century divided Bible into Chapters • Santes Pagninus divided OT chapters into verses in 1528 • Robert Etienne, 1551, Paris, verses for NT

  9. Old Testament Divisions (see Handout) • Torah (Hebrew)- Pentateuch (Greek)- first 5 Books • Prophetical Books (Former and Latter) • Historical Books • The Wisdom Books- the “Writings” • Septuagint- Greek version of the Hebrew Bible

  10. New Testament Divisions • Four Gospels- Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (4) • Acts of the Apostles (1) • Twenty one “Epistles” or letters (21) • Book of Revelations or the “Apocalypse” (1)

  11. Inspiration of the Bible • Holy Spirit inspired human authors to write the Scriptures in their own words. • The Spirit guided or influenced them to write faithfully what they were taught • Pope Leo XIII defined inspiration (page 7) • Tradition confirms inspiration • Council of Trent (1546) and Vatican Council (1870) confirm sacredness of canon

  12. History of the Bible • We have no original manuscripts • Some Ancient manuscripts exist- Hebrew copy of Isaiah 2nd century and Greek text from 2nd century AD • Important Translations- the Septuagint (Greek translation of the OT- 250 BC to 100 BC) • The Vulgate (St. Jerome NT into Latin 384 AD) • Church approved the Vulgate at Council of Trent

  13. History Continued • The Guttenberg bible printed in 1450, Latin Vulgate version- 200 copies • Eventually numerous translations in many languages • First English translation in 14th century • Famous translations- Wyclif, Douay-Rheims, King James (1611)

  14. Present History of Biblical Scholarship • Many Modern and Contemporary translations • Pius XII ordered a direct translation from original languages in 1943 • Our New American Bible (NAB) is the culmination of their efforts • The NAB is a Roman Catholic translation

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