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Electricity

Explore the fascinating world of electricity and its basic principles. This handout explores the journey of electrons as they move between atoms, creating electrical currents. It delves into the concept of static electricity, where certain items retain a charge, and the principles of electrostatics, including the two types of electric charges: positive and negative. The fundamental laws of electric charges reveal how opposites attract and like charges repel. Gain insights into atomic structure through Bohr-Rutherford models and understand ions, the roles of protons and electrons, and their implications in our daily lives.

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity 9.2 The Electrical Nature of Matter

  2. Electricity web • What do you know about electricity? • What do you want to know? • How will you find out? • What is electricity? (handout) • Electrons pass from atom to atom creating an electrical current from one end to the other. • Balloon demo.

  3. The Electrical Nature of Matter • All the atoms in matter always contain electrical charges. We are unaware, however, of these charges in a balloon or in our hair, until we make them move. • Some articles remain charged for a short period of time (static on a shirt), while other items such as satellites in space, are charged for a long time.

  4. On many common substances the charge remains “STATIC”, in other words, the charge stays where the rubbing occurred. This has come to be known as static electricity. • The study of static electric charge is called “electrostatics”. • There are two kinds of electric charge: Positive and Negative. When two different neutral substances are rubbed together, one becomes negative and one positive.

  5. The Law of Electric Charges states: • Two objects with like charges, whether positive or negative, always repel one another. • When a positive object is brought near a negative, the objects attract, “OPPOSITES ATTRACT”. Attraction Repulsion ? - - - - - - ? - - - - - -

  6. Negative ion • Bohr Rutherford models show how matter is structured and how it behaves. If an atom gains an extra e-, the net charge on the atom is negative , and it is called a negative ion . 6 protons (6+) 6+ 6 electrons (6-)7- Neutral 0 (no charge) 1- (-ion) Electrons orbit the nucleus P=3 N=3 Protons and Neutrons in the nucleus

  7. Positive ion If an atom loses an extra e-, the net charge on the atom is positive , and it is called a positive ion . 6 protons (6+) 6+ 6 electrons (6-)4- Neutral 0 (no charge) 2+ (+ion)

  8. Questions • P.273 #1 & 5

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