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Musical Outlets

Musical Outlets. Instrument Families and Voice Types. Production of Sound. The main differences between each family or group are: The means through which sound is produced The construction of each instrument All sound is a product of vibrations. 3 Main Instrument Families. Winds Strings

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Musical Outlets

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  1. Musical Outlets Instrument Families and Voice Types

  2. Production of Sound • The main differences between each family or group are: • The means through which sound is produced • The construction of each instrument • All sound is a product of vibrations.

  3. 3 Main Instrument Families • Winds • Strings • Percussion

  4. Winds • Two Subgroups • Brass • Woodwinds

  5. Brass • Made of metal (traditionally brass) • Uses metal mouthpieces to “buzz” and produce the sound. • Key Parts: • Mouthpiece • Valves/Slide • Bell

  6. Trumpet • A. Mouthpiece • B. Valves (piston) • C. Bell C B A

  7. Horn A B • A. Mouthpiece • B. Valves (rotary) • C. Bell C

  8. Trombone • A. Mouthpiece • B. Bell • C. Slide C B A

  9. Tuba B • A. Mouthpiece • B. Bell • C. Valves (Rotary or Piston) A C

  10. Woodwinds • Made of wood, plastic, or metal (traditionally wood) • Uses a reed (or reeds) to vibrate and produce the sound. • Key Parts: • Mouthpiece/Reed(s) • Keys • Most have a bell—but sound comes out of key holes not bell

  11. Flute-THE EXCEPTION!!! • A. Mouthpiece • B. Tone Hole (NO REED) • C. Keys C B A

  12. Clarinet A • A. Mouthpiece (w/ Reed) • B. Keys • C. Bell B C

  13. A Saxophone • A. Mouthpiece (w/ Reed) • B. Keys • C. Bell • Made of Metal • Meant to be a “combination” instrument to mimic the sounds of brass, woodwinds and the human voice. B C

  14. Oboe A • A. Double Reed (no mouthpiece) • B. Keys • C. Bell B C

  15. D Bassoon • A. Double Reed (no Mouthpiece) • B. Bocal • C. Keys • D. Bell B A C

  16. Percussion • Any instrument that is struck • Common groups: • Battery • Keyboard • Accessories

  17. Battery Percussion • Battery comes from “Batter” or to beat. • All Have “Heads.” (the one that you hit is the “batter head.” • Definite Pitch or Indefinite Pitch

  18. Battery Percussion Examples • Snare Drum • Indefinite Pitch

  19. Battery Percussion Examples • Timpani (Kettle Drum) • Definite Pitch • Pedal tightens or loosens head to change pitch. • Loose=Low • Tight=High

  20. Battery Percussion Examples • Less Common in art music, but still battery: • Traditional “Folk” Drums • Often Latin, African, Native American, East Asian • Also includes “Hand” drums

  21. Keyboard Percussion • Pitched group of instruments that are all configured in the same way. • The biggest difference is the method of sound production. • Mallets • Hands

  22. Keyboard Percussion Examples • All keyboard percussion instruments are set up with the same arrangement of notes using bars or keys.

  23. Keyboard Percussion Examples • Bar-Type Keyboards use Mallets cause vibrations. • The instrument seen here is the Marimba • Others include: • Vibraphone • Xylophone • Glockenspiel

  24. Keyboard Percussion Examples • An additional bar-type example is the chimes. • The chimes use a hammer or mallet to cause the vibrations.

  25. Keyboard Percussion Examples • Key-Type Keyboard Percussion instruments use hammers, pulls or air to produce the vibrations. • Each of these are started with your hands (fingers). • This group includes the: • Piano • Harpsichord • Organ

  26. Accessory Percussion • This group, for all intents and purposes, consists of “everything else.” • Just about anything can be an accessory percussion instrument.

  27. Accessory Percussion Examples • The tambourine has a head that can be struck, however the “tambourine” sound comes from the jingles.

  28. Accessory Percussion Examples • The Triangle:

  29. Accessory Percussion Examples • The Gong or Tam-Tam (there is a difference) is struck with a mallet, making the whole instrument vibrate.

  30. Accessory Percussion Examples • The Maracas, or any other variety of “shakers” have beads, beans, sand, etc., inside of them. • What’s vibrating here?

  31. Accessory Percussion Examples • Use your imagination. • Other examples might include: • Brake Drum • Hands • Chains • Whistle • Jingle Bells • Wood Boards (Whip)

  32. Strings • Instruments most often produce sound through the bowing of strings. • Made of wood. The better the quality of the wood and the more someone touched it to put it together, the more expensive the cost of the instrument.

  33. Violin and Viola D • The violin is the smallest of the two. • Largest difference: strings are tuned differently. • Key Parts: • Strings • Scroll • Bridge • Button • Bow C B A • Button • Bridge • Strings • Scroll

  34. Violin and Viola • E. Bow E

  35. Violin and Viola • Close-up of scroll

  36. Cello and Bass • Size and tuning make them different from the violin and viola. • These instruments are upright instruments that rest on the ground. • The Major parts are the same as the violin and viola. • Instead of button, we have the end pin or peg (F). F

  37. The Voice • Basic fact: • People Sound Different • The Human Voice can be changed to produce an infinite amount of sounds, with a wide range of pitches. • The vocal folds (chords) are vibrating here.

  38. The Voice • The 5 most common voice types are (highest to lowest): • Soprano (Female) • Alto (Female) • Tenor (Male) • Baritone (Male) • Bass (Male)

  39. The Voice • Others include: • Mezzo Soprano (Female) • Coloratura (Female) • Castrati (Unchanged Male—Assisted)

  40. Fine

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