Identifying Metal

1. Identifying Metal Ag Shop Skills Meredith / Flatt

2. Identifying Metals • All Metals can be classified as either ferrous or non ferrous. • Ferrous Metals are derived from Iron (Fe) ore. Or contain Iron(Fe) • Nonferrous Metals contain no Iron(Fe) • These two classifications are important because they are each used differently.

3. Alloys • Most metals used for either fabrication or construction are not used in their pure state. • They are mixed with other metals to increase their qualities such as strength or corrosion resistance.

4. Ferrous Metals • Iron is plentiful and inexpensive, thus it is a good ingredient for many types of Metal. • Cast Iron • Wrought Iron • Mild Steel • Tool Steel • Plated Steel • Galvanized Steel

5. Cast Iron • Typically Grainy and not easily shaped. • One of the first ferrous metals to be worked with. • Easily Rusts • Probably found in your kitchen in the form of Pans or pots. • Can be cast easily. • Molten Cast Iron is poured into a mold to create parts or art.

6. Wrought Iron • Nearly pure Iron. • Can be bent, shaped, welded, sawn, and filed. • Resists rust, because it is natural iron. • Popular for fences and ornamental uses.

7. Mild Steel • The most commonly used steel. • Created by adding Carbon (C) to the Iron (Fe). • Ductile, Malleable, Tough and Strong. • Can be purchased in many shapes. • The type of steel we will predominantly work with in our shop.

8. Tool Steel • Steel with specific amounts of Carbon (C) added which allow it to be Annealed and Tempered. Both of these procedures increase or decrease the hardness of the steel by manipulation of heating and cooling the steel.

9. Plated Steel • Steel can be electrically coated with either Tin ( a mixture of Lead and Nickel) or zinc. • This coating resists rusting and corrosion. • Steel pipe is coated with zinc, or Galvanized to reduce the possibility of Rust in Water Pipes. • Galvanized metal is used for many things such as roofing material, water troughs and pipe. • The Zinc used in galvanizing gives off poisonous gases when it is heated, so care must be taken when welding this material.

10. Non-ferrous Metals • Metals that do not contain Iron (Fe) • Typically more expensive • Less Abundant than Iron (Fe) • Used for many different purposes such as electrical wires and water pipes.

12. Aluminum • Excellent strength to weight ratio. • Good Conductor of Electricity and Heat • Corrosion Resistant • Extremely Malleable. • Other materials can be added to increase hardness

13. Copper • Excellent conductor of heat and electricity. • Used extensively in Electrical wires. • Used for decoration and ornamental • Makes up the bulk of Bronze, 60-90% added to Zinc and Tin.

14. Lead • Very Soft • Used for Batteries • Component of Solder, which is Lead and Tin. • Solder is used to attach wires, pipes, and sheet metal.

15. Tin • Used to provide corrosion resistance in Steel. • Component of both Bronze and Solder.

16. Stainless Steel • Mild steel which has had Nickel and Chromium added to it. • Very Tough • Resists Rust and Corrosion. • Used extensively in food Equipment and dairy facilities. • Easily Cleans for bacteria free areas. • Can be ferrous or non-ferrous

17. How Can You Identify Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals? Does it rust? Does it attract to a magnet?

18. Strap or Flat Bar

19. Angle Iron or Angle Bar

20. Square Bar

21. Rounds or Round Bar • Hot Roll Cold Roll

22. Rebar

23. Hex Bar

24. Square Tubing

25. Pipe • Heavy Duty • Schedule 40 • Thin Wall

26. Structural Steel • I Beam • Rectangular

27. Channel

28. Sheet Metal

29. Diamond Plate

30. Plate vs Sheet • ¼” thickness is usually the deciding line

31. Expanded Metal

32. Ordering Metal • Metal is ordered by dimension • Usually length x width x thickness • Bar ordered in 20’ lengths • Pipe ordered in 21’ lengths • Aluminum Pieces are 12’ lengths • Sheet / Plate is a variety of sizes, most common is 4’ x 8’ or 5’ x 10’