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Civil Liberties: Protecting Your Rights

Explore landmark cases such as Baron v. Baltimore and Reynolds v. U.S. that shaped U.S. civil liberties. Learn about freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and the limits of government intervention. Understand important amendments like the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth that protect citizens' rights. Discover how the legal system safeguards against unfair treatment and upholds principles of justice and equality.

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Civil Liberties: Protecting Your Rights

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  1. Civil Liberties Katie Blevins Integrating Fall 2012 Katie.blevins@smail.astate.edu

  2. Baron v. Baltimore • Challenges the right to Property • John Baron Warf Owner- sued the state because they drained sewage into his Warf. • Baron Lost the Case • The Bill of Rights does not protect against the states. • The 14th amendment incorporated the states.

  3. Freedom of Religion • Congress should make no law either advancing or inhibiting the Freedom of Religion or the exercise there of. • Reynold’s v. U.S.- 1878 • Department of Health and Human Services of Oregon, et al v. Alfred L. Smith

  4. Establishment Clause • The government cannot federally back a church. • Aid to parochial schools • Lemon v. Kurzmon • Lead to the Lemon Test • School Prayer • Engel v. Vatale • Religious displays on public property

  5. Freedom of Speech • Sedition • Dennis v. U.S. • Brandenburg v. Ohio

  6. Freedom of Assembly • Chicago v. Morales

  7. Freedom of the PressNo Prior Restraint • Until the New York Times printed the Pentagon Papers • The papers were a threat to national security • They were shut down under the cause for national security. • Obscenity • Roth v. U.S. • Hicklin Test • Miller v. California • Overturned Roth

  8. Fourth Amendment Terry v. Ohio Mapp v. Ohio DorleeMapp was suspected of harboring a bombing fugitive. The cops kept looking until they found something illegal that had nothing to do with the original search warrant. • Established the “Terry Search”

  9. Fifth Amendment • Miranda v. Arizona • Miranda Rights • Double Jeopardy- is being tried twice for the same crime • Palko v. Connecticut `

  10. Sixth Amendment • Gideon v. Wainright • Gideon broke in to a pool hall • He could not afford an attorney to defend himself • Thus leading to legal counsel being provided for the poor

  11. Eighth Amendment • Atkins v. Virginia • Atkins killed someone and was sentenced to death • Furmen v. Georgia • States that executing the mentally retarded is considered cruel and unusual punishment • Katz v. U.S. • Electronic and survalince case • Giswald v. Connecticut • deals with family planning

  12. Civil Rights • 13th Amendment • Abolishes Slavery • 14th Amendment • Equal Protection Clause • 15th Amendment • Gives Newly Freed Slaves the right to Votes • 19th Amendment • Gives women the right to vote

  13. Civil Rights Cases • Scott v. Sanford • Scott moved his slave above the Mason-Dixion line • Sanford sued for his freedom because he was in a free state • Slaves are property they cannot win court cases • Plessy v. Fergison • Established separate but equal

  14. You are Protected Against: • Exofacto law • Latin for “after the fact” • Meaning you cannot go to jail for something you did in the past which was legal at the time that is now illegal • Treason • has to be committed against country • 2 eyewitnesses to prove treason • “No Corruption of blood” • The family would be sentenced with espionage

  15. You are Protected Against: • Political Dissent- Writ of Habeas Corpus “ The Great Writ” • It was suspended during World War II • A Bill of Attainder • Where Congress outlawed a certain group of people • U.S. v. Lovett • Lovett Governor of the U.S. Virgin Islands was thought to be a communist by the state department.

  16. Resources • All notes come from the lectures of Tony Horton • The lectures were given in November 8th and 15th 2012 • The notes were recorded by Katie Blevins

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