Taxonomies

1. Taxonomies Cours de Visualisation d'Information InfoVis Lecture Frédéric Vernier Enseignant-Chercheur LIMSI-CNRS Maître de conf Paris XI

2. Outline • Introduction to Infovis • Taxonomies • Multi-variate data • Cognitive tasks • Visual Properties • Interaction • Overview+detail • Focus +context • Panning & zooming • Trees

3. Composition de vues Schema Aspect

4. Visualization Process Data Data world Point of view on data InteractionLanguage Space Spatial world Point of view on Space

5. Data Data Point of view on data Space Point of view on space Graphical (road network) Non Graphical (stock exchange) GraphicalAbstraction Point of view on data 1D, 2D, 3D, nD, Time, Trees, Graphs, Non StructuredNon Graphical (stocks by sector) Spatial / Graphical(stocks Values organized by country/state) Nominal, Ordered, Quantitative (N, O, Q)

6. Point of view on data Data Point of view on data Space Point of view on space Visual cues: lexiconcolor, size, label, shape, ... Layout algo: syntactic Treemaps, City metaphor, Charts, etc. Space 3D 2D Point of view on space(view) Interactive technique: Focus + Contexte Scrolling / Panning Zoom In & Out Fisheye View Deformed Non-Deformed

7. Graphical Abstraction and Deformation GraphicalAbstraction => 2D space with non label overlapping algo. Alphabetical 1D list => Lines of text with line break rules

8. Example Data Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Point of view on data Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Set of documents Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Space Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Point of view on space Ordered list of documents Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf 1 2 3 4 5 2D Space, row of 5 docs. Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf 6 7 8 9 10 Partial view on space + 1 scrollbar Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf 1 2 Examples of deformations : Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf Mqzedfn qzsdemoc jvi sdf dfovindfmvioj sdfiovj svifj mvfv inmidfjv difvndifvn mdiov dfvn ifnv dmifvnff diovfn divnf dmivfn sdf df dsfdoivfn do nvdiovfn do ivnfon ivfdno ivfdoifvnsdf 6 7

9. Data 1 Data 2 Data Point of view on data Data Data Point of view on data Space Multiple View Chart or histogram on 2D points NYSE + NASDAQ MS word views Radar views Web bookmark: history(time) or graph

10. Point of view Granularity Nominal Ordinal Quantitative Hypertext Text Book Spatial 1D Exits along the highway Milestones on highway 2D Naval battle grid Vector based drawing tool Problem: Trees with length (species’tree) 3D Archeological 3D grid 3D CAD tool Temporal Calendar Log/Event Journal Hierarchical Class inheritance tree Genealogical tree with children ordering Relationnal Social network Lattices (treillis) Multitrees Non-structured 1D Shopping List Todo list ordered by priority Set of student’s marks nD Every dimension is treated separately. We distinguish homogenous and heterogeneous point of view

11. Ordinal / Quantitative

12. Graphical Properties Inclusions Orientations Links Sizes Rule of three examples ! Do not forget x,y et z ! Shapes Colors Textures Labels Train Bateau Voiture

13. Visualisation’s areas Precision Deformation Context Vague Non-deformed Focus (Neighborhood) Precise Deformed Scope Global Local

14. Context Global modality But vague Focus Local modality but precise Ex: 1rst Focus+Context from Spence & Apperley

15. Drag Mag (Colin Ware) Context: Global modality but vague. The map covers the full area Foci: Local modalities but precise. The details of the ground appear

16. Deformation Continuity Continuity of thedeformation function and the derive function Continuity of thedeformation function No Perspective Effect Yes Discontinuity of thedeformation function Alignment Preservation Only one dimension Yes No