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Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases. Outline. Who are we? Common infectious diseases How to prevent the spread of disease. A Few Questions…. True or False: Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick. A Few Questions. True or False:

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Infectious Diseases

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  1. Infectious Diseases

  2. Outline • Who are we? • Common infectious diseases • How to prevent the spread of disease

  3. A Few Questions… True or False: • Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure • If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

  4. A Few Questions True or False: • Oral Herpes has a cure • Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

  5. A Few Questions… True or False: • Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush • Tuberculosis only affects the lungs • HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

  6. Hepatitis • Inflammation of the liver • Bacteria • Alcohol and toxins • Your own immune system • Viruses • Multiple different ones! • Today – Focus on Hep B and C

  7. Hepatitis B Virus • How do you get it? • Blood • Unprotected sexual contact • Sharing needles • During birth if mother infected • Blood transfusion (rare) • Some Symptoms • Nausea and vomiting • Jaundice • Pale feces/dark urine • Pain in upper right part of abdomen • Itching all over the body

  8. Hepatitis B Virus • Half of people show no symptoms • Chronic Hep B – long-term infection • 5-10% of adults with Hep B develop this • Can lead to • Liver scarring • Liver cancer

  9. Hepatitis B Virus • Diagnosis: blood tests • No cure for chronic Hep B • Preventable with a vaccine • Treatment: anti-retroviral drugs

  10. Hepatitis C • How do you get it? • Blood • Unprotected sex • Sharing needles • During birth if mother infected • Blood transfusions (rare) • What are the symptoms? • 80% of people have no symptoms • Symptoms may not show up for over 10-20 years • Similar symptoms to Hep B

  11. Hepatitis C • Diagnosis: blood test • 75% of adults with Hep C develop chronic infection • Chronic Hep C can lead to • Liver scarring • Liver cancer • The cure rate with medication is ~50%

  12. Oral Herpes • How do you get it? • Touching infected saliva or skin • Examples - lips, mouth, nostrils, ears, eyelids, genital area, anus • Symptoms? • Painful sores • Fever and muscle aches • Commonly no symptoms • No cure

  13. Genital Herpes • How do you get it? • Skin-to-skin contact • Sexual intercourse and oral sex • Symptoms • Lesions and ulcers • No cure • Medications to prevent and treat recurrences

  14. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea • How do you get it? • Spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex • Symptoms • Often no symptoms • Discharge, painful urination, fever • Treatment is with antibiotics • Prevention • Limiting sexual partners • safe sex practices

  15. Head Lice • Live on the head and lay eggs • How do you get it? • Direct contact • Sharing hairbrushes • Hats, towels, clothing and bedding

  16. Head Lice • Symptoms • Itchy scalp • See nits in hair • Live lice near scalp • Treatment • Shampoos • Proper cleaning of brushes, clothes and sheets

  17. Scabies • How do you get it? • Direct contact such as sexual relations and handshaking • Towels, clothing, bedding • Symptoms • Small, raised bites • Very itchy • Worse at night

  18. Scabies • Treatment • Topical cream • Wash bedding and clothing

  19. Syphilis • How do you get it? • Sexually transmitted • Direct contact • Symptoms • 6 weeks – ulcer • 6 months – rash, fever, aches • 6 years and longer – affects heart, brain, etc. • Treatment • Antibiotics • Abstain from sex during treatment

  20. Tuberculosis • How do I get it? • Coughing • Sneezing • Talking • Contributing Factors • Immunosuppressed • Diabetes • Alcohol • Injection drug use

  21. Tuberculosis • Lungs infected most often • Symptoms • May have no symptoms • Coughing and chest pain • Fever and chills • Night sweats and weight loss • Diagnosis • Skin test, chest x-ray, labs • Treatment • Multiple antibiotics

  22. HIV • Human immunodeficiency virus • How do you get it? • Sexual activity • Blood transfusions • Needle sharing • Mother to fetus

  23. HIV Stages • Acute viral illness • Clinical latency (average 8 years) • No symptoms • Later symptoms • Fever and chills • Night sweats and weight loss • Herpes infection • Oral thrush – fungal infection • AIDS • Pneumonia • Meningitis • Brain infections • Severe mono infections

  24. HIV • Diagnosis • Blood testing • Treatment • Antiretroviral therapy with multiple medications • Prevention! Avoid: • Needle sharing • Unprotected sex • Get educated!

  25. A Few Questions… True or False: Hepatitis B is preventable with a vaccine, but there is no cure If you have Hepatitis C, you will look very sick

  26. A Few Questions True or False: Oral Herpes has a cure Chlamydia and gonorrhea are the most common sexually transmitted infections caused by bacteria

  27. A Few Questions… True or False: Head lice cannot be spread by sharing a hairbrush Tuberculosis only affects the lungs HIV and AIDS mean the same thing

  28. Questions?THANK YOU!

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