The Wang Eclipse

1. The Wang Eclipse Robert de Hilster NPA 19, July 2012

2. The Wang Eclipse • QianShen Wang with others measured the gravitational effect of a full eclipse on March 9, 1997 in China. • A gravimeter measures the vertical gravitational acceleration at the point where it is placed. • Wang took the measurements, subtracted the average value, and plotted the difference. • He also put three points identifying the visual eclipse

3. Result

4. Average of Ten Points • You can see that the points are all over the place. • He took the first 10 points and averaged them and put the average on the chart. • The he moved over one point and took another ten points (nine old ones and 1 new one). • From this he developed the solid curve.

5. The Bumps • All the attention goes to the bumps. • They don’t make sense • This is just an anomaly, which is then ignored. • Let’s look at the bumps more closely.

6. Two Anomalous Bumps

7. The 1954 Anomaly

8. The 1959 Anomaly

9. The Allais Anomalies • It is interesting to note that the Wang eclipse was measured by the gravimeter which measures the vertical component. • The motion of the pendulum is caused by the horizontal component of the force caused by the eclipse.

10. The Forces

11. When the Bumps Occur • The moon is passing over the sun from right to left. • The first bump occurs from the right just before 1st contact. • The second bump occurs at the left just after the 4th contact

12. Mass of the Corona • The corona of the sun is an object containing matter and as such should have gravitational mass. • Assigned mass of the sun is relative to the 1 Kg standard mass. • Assigned mass of the sun is equal to the mass of the visible sun plus the mass of the corona. • It should be possible to use an equation to calculate the gravitational mass of the corona using the Wang Eclipse. • You need a model and an equation

13. The Model • This is a five body problem • Corona • Visible sun • Moon • Earth • Lead ball (gravimeter) • Adjust the mass of the Corona until it matches the magnitude of the two bumps

14. The Equation • Use Newton’s • Use your own equation. • I will use mine.

15. The accuracy • How accurate is Wang’s curve (data)? • Is the 10 point average a good value? • How accurate is the model? • The corona is not a homogeneous mass! • How accurate is the equation? • There is no equation written by man that will precisely describe nature. • And yet, We can get an estimate that no one else has done.

16. Compare visual Image with Gravitational Image

17. The Allais Anomalies

18. The Time Duration of the Eclipse • In Wang’s report he states the time of the eclipse is 2 hours 16 minutes and 21 seconds. • The gravitational effects reported by Wang is about 3 hours. • The gravitational effects of the Allais anomalies is also about 3 hours. • This does not look like a co-incidence!

19. History of the speed of Gravity • Newton – action at a distance would mean the speed would be very high • Le Sage – No requirement for speed, it could even be slow; his particle and the object only have to cross paths • Einstein – Speed must be c or less • Kopeikin and others determined on September 8, 2002, that the speed of gravity was 0.8 to 1.2 times the speed of light for the first time • Carezani – 27c (Balis) • Van Flandern – 2 x 10^10 c • Yet some say that the speed of gravity is c just because it seems logical.

20. Tom’s 3rd Reason • (3) a non-null three-body experiment involving solar eclipses in the Sun-Earth-Moon system, showing that optical and “gravitational” eclipses do not coincide;

21. Where is the Sun? • Use the earth as the reference point. • When the physical sun is straight overhead it emits light. • Light takes about 500 seconds to get to the earth. • As the image of the sun moves to the earth, the physical sun moves to the west. • We see the image of the sun 500 seconds after the physical sun has moved 2.083 degrees.

22. Start Again! • The full eclipse was generated when the physical sun was straight overhead and in line with the physical moon and the center of gravity of the earth. • The visual image cannot cause an eclipse.

23. Gravitational Image • How can the gravitational image appear at the surface of the earth at the same time as the visible image?

24. Both Images • In order for both images to appear on the surface of the earth, the gravitational image must be generated at the same time that the light was emitted. • They both reach the earth at the same time indicating that the speed of gravity is about the same as the speed of light.

25. Calculation of the Speed of Gravity • The Wang Eclipse does not give a value for the speed of gravity. • It only shows that they are about the same. • The same curve can be generated if the speed of light were c, ½ c, or 27 c. • The calculation will be in the form of a ratio: • S(gravity)/S(light) = X +/- Y

26. If gravity has a Very High Speed • Now put the visual image of the sun straight overhead. • The physical sun is to the right by 2.083 degrees • If the speed of gravity is very high, then there is a visible eclipse but the gravitational eclipse is to the left.

27. If the sun is where you see it! • If you think the physical sun is where you see it, then you are (unintentionally) assuming that the speed of light is almost infinite. • If the speed of light is almost infinite, then it is easy to see how many people conclude that the speed of gravity is almost infinite.

28. Big Mistake!

29. Conclusion • The Wang eclipse and the Allais anomalies may be valid. • The corona of the sun has gravitational mass however it is generated. • The speed of gravity is about the same as the speed of light. • The calculations when done will be very interesting!

30. Light moves • The fact that light moves is no surprise • But does gravity move? • The gravitational effect during an eclipse is caused by the physical sun and the physical moon. It is not caused by the images of the sun. • If the gravimeter is to record the effect, it must be in line with the physical sun and the physical moon.

31. If gravity has a Very High Speed • Back up 500 seconds. • If the speed of gravity were almost instantaneous, then gravity would move from the sun to the earth, while the visible sun was 2.083 degrees to the left.

32. What would you see? • The gravimeter would show a gravitational image of the eclipse • The visual image of the sun would be to the left and there would be no visual eclipse.

33. Mass and Speed • When the calculations are done, I expect that two constraints • 1. The visual image • 2. The gravitational image • will help to estimate the value of the mass of the corona and the speed of gravity.

34. NPA 2011 Paper • Assumption: The universe is made up of objects that move. • Definition: An object is what we see, hear, feel, smell and taste. It is also what we can detect and generate. • Example: Gravity • In effect the 2011 paper states that: Gravity is an object that moves

35. Conclusion • The Wang eclipse proves that gravity moves. • It proves that the speed of gravity is about the same as the speed of light. • Even if these two objects move at the speed of light does not mean that the speed of all objects are limited to c • If you see two black cars in the parking lot does not mean that all cars are black. • As a scientist you cannot put yourself into a box that limits your thinking

36. Aberration • If the speed of gravity is about the same as the speed of light: • Then there could be gravitational aberration.

37. It’s the Force

38. Tides • The tides seem to react in the direction of the visible sun. But if the physical sun is 2 degrees to the right, the tides must be reacting to the force of the physical sun when it was overhead 500 seconds ago. • The Wang Eclipse, the Allais anomalies ,and the tides all tell us that the speed of gravity about the same as the speed of light.

39. There is No…. • Action at a distance (Newton) because gravity is already there. • Gravitational aberration may exist since the speed of gravity is finite • But Just because light and gravity move at the same speed, does not mean that all particles are limited to c.

40. Explaining the bumps • The gravimeter is on the surface of the earth and measures the gravitational acceleration towards the center of the earth. • Wang measured this value before, during, and after the eclipse. • He then subtracted the average value from the measured value to get the difference. • The bumps represent a reduction of acceleration towards the center of the earth or an increase of acceleration towards the sun and the moon. • The gravimeter is telling us that there is more mass at this point in time. There is more mass when the moon overlaps the corona.

41. The moon overlaps the corona • The Wang eclipse and the Allais anomalies show that there is a change of gravitational acceleration when the moon and the corona overlap. • The gravimeter measures vertical gravitational acceleration. • So there must be gravitational mass in the corona.

42. Report By Duif • Chris Duif from the University of Delft reports on various anomalous observations during an eclipse. • Wang • Allais • Saxl and Allen • There are others • All of them have mixed results. • Some give supporting results but not conclusive.

43. Compare the Speed of lightto the speed of gravity • Does Gravity Move? • If it does what is its speed? • What causes the images to happen at the same time?

44. But Then There are theAllais Anomalies