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This review explores meiosis, the specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes—sperm and egg cells. It examines crucial concepts such as the distinction between haploid and diploid cells, the genetic diversity generated through crossing over, and independent assortment during meiosis. Key comparisons with mitosis highlight how daughter cells relate genetically to one another and to their parent cells. The significance of meiosis in producing gametes and fostering genetic variation is emphasized, showcasing its fundamental role in reproduction.
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________ are sex cells. • Gametes
Are your sex cells diploid or haploid? • Haploid
Are daughter cells produced at the end of meiosis II considered diploid or haploid? • Haploid
What is the genetic relationship of daughter cells to each other in meiosis? • Genetically DIFFERENT!
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis? • 4
_______ is the female gamete. • Egg cell
___________ are the paired chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order. • Homologous chromosomes
_________ is the process of joining gametes. • Fertilization
____________ is a cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes. • Diploid
Is the number of chromosomes related to the complexity of an organism? WHY? • NO! • A dog has 78 chromosomes and is less complex than humans
_______ is a two stage type of cell division that creates gametes. • Meiosis
At the end of meiosis II, how many (human) chromosomes does each daughter cell have? • 23
Are the daughter cells produced at the end of MITOSIS considered haploid or diploid? • Diploid
__________ are all cells other than egg or sperm cells. • Somatic cells
How many chromosomes do you have in your egg or sperm cells? • 23
What is the genetic relationship of daughter cells to each other in MITOSIS? • Genetically the SAME!
________ is the cell that is created when a sperm fertilizes an egg. • zygote
What is the genetic relationship of daughter cells to parent cell in meiosis? • Genetically DIFFERENT!
_________ is a cell with only ONE set of chromosomes. • Haploid
Why is meiosis significant? (2 reasons) • 1. creates haploid gametes • 2. provides genetic variation
During what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? • Prophase I
__________ occurs when nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosome exchange genetic information. • Crossing over
______ is the male gamete. • sperm
What is the genetic relationship of daughter cells to parent cell in MITOSIS? • Genetically the SAME!
At the end of meiosis I, how many (human) chromosomes does each daughter cell have? • 46
EXPLAIN how meiosis provides genetic variation? (2 ways) • 1. Crossing over – random swapping of DNA • 2. Independent assortment of the homologous chromosomes – it is random to which side of the cell the chromosomes move to (223)
