PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE AT PLEASANT POINT ENERGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

1. PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE AT PLEASANT POINTENERGY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT Steve Crawford Environmental Director NTF JUNE 2-4, 2009 Chair, TAMS Steering committee Chair, USET Natural Resource Committee Member, NTWC Member, NTC Member, TEPAC

2. Energy and economic development • Solar Power • Photo-voltaics • Geothermal • RGGI review • Algae biomass • Windpower • Tidal power • Waste to energy Project • Bunch of thoughts

3. RREAL • Rural Renewable Energy Alliance • Jay Edens Director • Non-profit , based in Minneapolis • Turn key production facility to produce solar panels for less than $1,500 for 4 x 10 ft panels • Generate enough heat to reduce heating bills 25% • Much better than LIHEAP • Production facility employs 2 people, in 20’x 20’ • Tribe may be able to access RGGI funds for development • Passamaquoddy Development and Supply

5. Photo-voltaics • Production doubling every two years • 12,400 MW globally • Germany leads the world in photo-energy production, with 30% less sun than Vermont. • Power cost /kwh will be at parity with fossil fuels by 2012

6. Geothermal

7. Rggi, Energy and Carbon Savings Trust • Carbon Credit fund, begun October 2008 • Quarterly auction for next 9 years • First auction generated $2.8 million • Funds for reducing CO2 emissions • $40,000 grant received for weatherization of houses

9. Algae Biomass Potential • “ There is no other resource that Comes even close in magnitude to the potential for making oil” John Sheehan, energy analyst, National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL), DOE, Golden, CO • Corn, 18 gal/acre: Algae, 5,000 • Lipid content, Corn <2%, Chlorella Alga, 44 • 20000 gal of algal culture = 300 gal biodiesel • Harvest every 4 days, 1,000 gal bioreactor yields 300 gal biodiesel every 20 weeks.

10. Sipayik 100 gal. bio-reactor, sewage treatment plant (250 ml/4 day) $29k from EPA AIR program for project

11. WINDPOWER SITES Wind power site Wind power site Windpower site

12. T-19 update • 15 months wind data • Class 3 wind, commercially viable • RFP to 13 contractors, resulting in one proposal, DISGEN • Simple lease, no ownership, annual lease payment beginning at $227,000, escalate to $324,000 by year 25. • 100% ownership would yield $7,623,000 first year, escalating to $10,723,000 by year 25.

13. Other wind farm sites • Cedar Mountain, T3R9 • No met data, but approx 25 miles from 30.5 MW Stetson Mountain project being constructed. • Transmission line <8 miles, in Millinocket • Prentiss Township • Probably best wind farm site in State, but no transmission lines nearby. • Quebec Hydro Line 8 miles to west

14. TIDAL PROJECT SITES 1 2

15. UEK Turbines

16. Tidal potential • 2 – year FERC pilot lease, funded by BIA, ends 2010 • Produce enough power to power sewage treatment plant, approx. $2,000/month • Further development of tidal turbine “farm” has low potential, might generate 2 MW to provide power for local area. • Requires substantial regulatory development, and at least 10 years away.

17. Municipal Solid Waste Gasification • Not incineration • Reduce volume • Recycle metal and glass • Recover energy • By-products: syn-gas, water, fly ash, glass, metals • Very little CO2 • Tipping fees approx. $40-50/ton

18. MSW Gasification (2) • Proven Technology, with plants being used since 1992 by US Navy, Canadian Department of Defense, numerous different markets and site locations around the world and in the US. • 50 Ton plant =200 ft x 85 ft x 30 ft building, greenhouse is extra

19. 50 ton/day MSW Plant for Washington County • Tribal participation, on Tribal Trust land • Near NEBCO office? • Reclaim MSW dumps in Washington County • Reduce tipping fees • Generate power and heat • Reduce CO2 emissions • 5 acre greenhouse for algal oil production, vegetable/medicinal plant production

20. Thoughts:The most important number in the world: 350 ppm co2 • We are at 387 ppm now, there is no return

21. Thoughts, continued Climate change and food • 15 billion Tons CO2 equivelants from agriculture • Includes 7.2 billion Tons from livestock • World carry-over stocks of grain 2008= 62 days; a record low. • 25% of US grain is going to bio-fuel, enough to feed 500 million Indians.

22. Don Ort, Inst. Of Genomic Biology, U. of Ill. @ Urbana-Champaign, 2008 Take home messages: •To meet agricultural demand, productivity would need to double on a land area basis. • CO2 fertilization of crop yield is only half of what is assumed in global food security models. .

23. More thoughts • Climate change and water • 70% of all freshwater used for irrigation • Wheat production – 8% since 1997, Rice – 4%

24. Still more Climate change and health: • Direct: • Thermal stress, death/injury in storms, floods • Indirect: • Changes in range of disease vectors • Impacts: • Traumatic, infectious, nutritional, psychological occurring in demoralized and displaced populations.

25. 8.2 Billion tons/yr CO2 released from fossil fuel combustion Every human exhales 1 ton of CO2/yr THERE ARE 6.8 BILLION OF US

26. To illuminate us and save our world There’s a crack in everything That’s how the light gets in