Environmental Differentiation under the WTO

1. 2007 CEU Beyond Borders: Environmental Issues Across Disciplines and Regions Environmental Differentiation under the WTO ——The Role China Plays MESPOM Student - Lin Jiaqiao

2. HDI ranking (high-green, medium-yellow, low-red), according to list of countries by HDI (Danutz, 2006 )

3. (EPI Report, 2006 )

4. (EPE Report, 2006 )

5. Schematic graph on environmental differentiation Industrial revolution 1978 2001 China China LDCs LDCs Developed Countries Developed Countries

6. Why emphasizing China’s role? China: import waste, natural resources exploitation LDCs: natural resources export Developed: externalization of environmental cost Developed countries LDCs

7. Natural resources Oil, natural gas, copper ore, iron ore, rare metal, timber, etc. China-Africa Cooperation ForumZero tariff, debt exemption, financial, medical, and educational aid, etc. LDCs

8. Transferring polluted industry Waste exportE-trash, plastic waste Import of resource-intensified commodities Cater for China’s huge appetite Developed countries

9. Greenpeace,2005

10. BAN,2002

11. www.time.com China pattern,2006 Greenpeace,2005

12. Free trade Higher economic growth Every country better off Between countries Two conflicts: Inherent conflicts within a country

13. Political dilemma on environmental considerations in China Policy makers Environment Economy Pan Yue, SEPA Xie Zhenhua, NDRC

14. It is urgent ! SEPA, becoming strong. Green GDP Developing renewable resources, 11th FYP Pollution and waste management After 2010, younger nation’s leaders Perspective for China’s environmental performance

15. Policy Practice • The government’s new “buying green ” policy will be implemented at all levels of jurisdiction starting in 2008, by SEPA. • "Waste Home Appliance and Electronic Products Recycling and Management Rule" is going to be formally implemented in 2007, by NDRC • The landmark Renewable Energy Law took effect on January 1,2006 • China Green National Accounting Study Report 2004 by SEPA,2006 • Chinese government began to punish multinational corporations for violating the nation’s environmental laws and regulations, last three years

16. Model for other developing countries Reduce environmental externalization Involve more in MEAs making Relieve LDCs’ burden Implications for reduce environmental difference

17. Schematic graph on environmental unification 1978 2001 2007 2050 ? China LDCs Developed Countries

18. Reference • Jahiel, A. R. 2006. China, the WTO, and Implications for the Environment. Environmental Politics 15(2): 310–329. • Abigail, R.J. (2006) China, the WTO, and Implications for the Environment. Environmental Politics, 15(2), 310-29. • Constantine, M. (2001) Developing countries in the WTO Palgrave, New York. • DeSombre, E. R. and Barkin J S. 2002. Turtles and Trade: The WTO’s Acceptance of Environmental Trade Restrictions. Global Environmental Politics 2(1): 12-18. • Guha-Khasnobis, B. (2004) The WTO, developing countries and the Doha development agenda : prospects and challenges for trade-led growth. • Kelly, D., Grant,Wyn. (2005) The politics of international trade in the twenty-first century : actors, issues and regional dynamics Palgrave Macmillan, New York. • Lu, D., Wen,G. James , Zhou,Huizhong (2003) China's economic globalization through the WTO Ashgate Publishing Ltd., Burlington. • Neumayer, E. 2004. ‘The WTO and the environment: its past record is better than critics believe, but the future outlook is bleak’. Global Environmental Politics 4(3): 1–8. • Schott, J.J. (1996) The world trading system : challenges ahead Institute for International Economics, Washington D.C.

19. Viet Nam joins WTO yesterday, 11 January 2007 Viet Nam informed the WTO on 12 December 2006 that it had ratified its membership agreement. It becomes the WTO's 150th member on 11 January 2007. Thanks for your attention!