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Wind Turbine Taskforce: Update and Lessons Learned from Zambia Test Deployment. Engineers without Borders Chapter Meeting 21 September 2011 Seattle, WA Henry Louie * , Steve Szablya * , Vincent Van Acker ** *Seattle University, ** Alstom Grid. Chikuni Jesuit Mission. Goal.
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Wind Turbine Taskforce: Update and Lessons Learned from Zambia Test Deployment Engineers without Borders Chapter Meeting 21 September 2011 Seattle, WA Henry Louie*, Steve Szablya*, Vincent Van Acker** *Seattle University,**Alstom Grid
Chikuni Jesuit Mission Dr. Henry Louie
Goal Determine technical and economic feasibility of using wind power for rural electrification of impoverished communities
Funding Sources • SU Global Grant: $9,524 • SU Endowed Mission Fund: $6,000 • Community Solutions Initiative: $3,000 • Professionals without Boundaries: $3,000 Total Funding: $21,524 Dr. Henry Louie
Approach • Assemble volunteer team • Industry, academia, students • Start with existing Do-It-Yourself wind turbine design • Build prototypes in Seattle • Assess feasibility and field test in rural community • Redesign, refine and retest
Case Study: Zambia • +12 million people • 25% have electricity • per capital energy use: 3.3% of USA • +8 million live in rural communities • 50% of rural population have electronic devices • 4% have access to electricity
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rotors hub stator Dr. Henry Louie
Field Testing • On-site in Chikuni, Zambia • Work with Jesuit Mission • Bring generator parts • Build tower and wind turbine blades
Wind Speed Measurements anemometer • Near continuous readings from 8am to 6pm for 2 days • Did not record during evening • Safety • Generally low wind speed • July/August: highest wind speeds 100 inches
Lusaka X Chikuni 230 miles Livingstone Dr. Henry Louie
Wind turbine location X 450 ft Prevailing Wind Dr. Henry Louie
Wind Speed Measurements Instantaneous Values Very high wind speeds!
100 inches Dr. Henry Louie
4 foot blades vs. 5 foot blades 5 ft 4 ft Dr. Henry Louie
Blades Hub Generator Dr. Henry Louie
Generator assembly Dr. Henry Louie
cows Dr. Henry Louie
Facing into the Wind Furled Position Dr. Henry Louie
Performance Data • Idle Speed: 11 mph • Cut-in (battery charging): 15 mph • Max RPM tested: 330 • Maximum instantaneous power output: 75 W • Continuous power output: 5 W • Blades were wrong size for generator
The Market for Electricity • Cell Phone Charging: • With charger: 1000 Kwacha (US$ 0.20) • With shop charger: 1500 Kwacha (US$ 0.30) • Car Battery Charging: • 2500 Kwacha (US$ 0.50) • Charged overnight • LI cellular phone battery capacity: 5 Wh • Cost per Wh: US$ 0.04
Back-of-envelope calculation: • Village size: 1000 people • Percent with cellular phones: 15 • Charge Frequency: 1/week • Charges per day: 21 • Energy required: 105 Wh per day • Wind turbine capacity factor: 15% • Wind turbine size: 30 W • Income: US$4.20/day • Payback time on $500 investment: 120 days
700W Wind Turbine Costs • Pipe: $78 • Wood: $13 • Wire: $0.32/m x 250m = $80 • Magnets*: 24 x $15 = $360 • Resin*: $80 • Hardware*: $130 • Rectifier*: $7 • Battery: $125 • Metal Parts*: $450 • Electrical*: $20 Total: US $1343 * Price in the U.S.
Cost Considerations • Does not include tools, labor • Price of rare earth magnets increasing and volatile • Resins, magnets not easy to find • Too big, expensive • Micro loans generally are $500 or less
Lessons Learned • Very location dependent • Best energy source • Prices/availability • Expertise • Economics • Tower • Most components can be found locally, prices are usually more expensive than in U.S. • Feasibility of blade and tower construction
Future Plans • Design 100 W wind turbine • Engineer safe, secure tower solution • Work with local community • Promote as a business opportunity
Acknowledgements • Fr. Bert Otten, S.J. • Steve Szablya, PE • Carmen Cejudo • Dino Go • Ayesha Pirbhai • Josh Peavler • Karim Farraj • Byron Lynch Dr. Henry Louie
Learn More • Become involved! • Email: vincent.van.acker@alstom.com • Email: louieh@seattleu.edu • Email: szablyst@seattleu.edu • http://communitysolutionsinitiative.org/
Henry Louie, PhD Assistant Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 901 12th Avenue, Bannan 219 P.O. Box 222000 Seattle, WA 98122-1090 www.seattleu.edu Tel: (206) 398-4619 Fax: (206) 296-5962 louieh@seattleu.edu COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Videos • Raising The Turbine in Chikuni, Zambia(255.5M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qOQk6gl7O8 • Wind Turbine and Electrical Setup in Chikuni, Zambia(27.1M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EO38Mo_WJdk • The Wind Turbine Spinning in Chikuni, Zambia(57.87M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ9U7uz8onk • Electric Braking During High Speed Operation in Chikuni, Zambia(59.45M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faBwLgE4NE0 • Alternate View of the Turbine Configuration from the bottom of Dam in Chikuni, Zambia(53.72M) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1qv4B7zy08w Dr. Henry Louie