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Electoral Systems

This overview explores various electoral systems, focusing on First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) used in countries like the United States, Britain, and Nigeria. FPTP involves single-member districts where candidates compete for a plurality of votes, often leading to a winner-takes-all scenario. We also discuss alternative voting methods, including the British Referendum on FPTP in 2011 and the Single Transferable Vote, which allows for prioritizing candidates. Furthermore, the Proportional Voting system in Russia is analyzed, where party lists determine representation based on vote proportion, highlighting different approaches such as Mixed Member Proportional Voting in Mexico.

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Electoral Systems

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  1. Electoral Systems • First-Past-The-Post (FPTP) • United States/Britain/Nigeria/Iran • Single-member districts • Plurality/winner-takes-all system • (more than other candidates)

  2. Alternative Vote • British Referendum (2011) • FPTP: single-member districts • Rank your candidates • If no first preference gets a majority, second preference of least popular candidate gets redistributed. • Repeat until FPTP

  3. Proportional Voting • Russia • Multi-member districts • Parties create a list of candidates. • Seats are divided based on proportion of vote received. • Single-Transferrable Vote: • Proportional Based on candidate, not party.

  4. Mixed Member Proportional Voting (MMP) • Mexico • Some members of legislature are elected by single-member FPTP. • Some members elected by a proportional system.

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