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Statistics

Statistics. Introduction Chapter 1 (part 3). Why Research?. Basic Research: Seeking knowledge for its own sake. Applied Research: Seeking knowledge that will have practical significance. For what research?. Systematic Empiricism Public Verification Solvable problems. Research Methods.

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Statistics

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  1. Statistics Introduction Chapter 1 (part 3)

  2. Why Research? Basic Research: Seeking knowledge for its own sake. Applied Research: Seeking knowledge that will have practical significance.

  3. For what research? Systematic Empiricism Public Verification Solvable problems

  4. Research Methods • Descriptive Methods • Correlational Method • Experimental Method • Quasi-Experimental Method

  5. Descriptive Simply describing what you are witnessing • Observation Method • Naturalistic Observation • Laboratory Observation • Case Study Method • Survey Method

  6. Correlational • Measuring whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. • In a correlational design you can not say conclusively what caused what to happen. Was it the chicken or the egg that came first?

  7. Types of Research Studies Correlational Figure 1-4 (p. 11)Hypothetical data showing results from a correlational study evaluating the relationship between exposure to TV violence and aggressive behavior for a sample of ten children. Note that we have measured two different variables, obtaining two different scores, for each child. The data show a tendency for higher levels of TV violence to be associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior.

  8. Experimental Method • Allows us to determine whether there is a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables. • Experiments must have: • Manipulation • Random assignment • Control

  9. Experimental Method • Manipulation • Changing the value of a variable from one level to another • Another variable is measured to examine this change • Random Assignment • Equal chance of being assigned to a condition. Minimize differences between groups • Control • Control to make sure other variables do not influence the relationship being studied.

  10. Experimental Method • Independent variable • Variable manipulated by the researcher • Dependant variable • Variable that is observed in order to assess the effect of the treatment. • Control condition • Receive no experimental manipulation • Experimental condition • Receive experimental manipulation

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