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Task Analysis

Task Analysis. Christine A. Macfarlane, Ph.D. Sped 535 Integrated Curriculum & Methods for Students with Disabilities: Functional. Creating A Task Analysis. Do the task Write down steps Have someone else perform it.

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Task Analysis

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  1. Task Analysis Christine A. Macfarlane, Ph.D. Sped 535 Integrated Curriculum & Methods for Students with Disabilities: Functional

  2. Creating A Task Analysis • Do the task • Write down steps • Have someone else perform it

  3. Born Loser Cartoon -- depicting the problems associated with telling someone who to do something and having them misinterpret what you’ve said.

  4. Creating A Task Analysis • Do the task • Write down steps • Have someone else perform it • Watch others & do research

  5. Creating A Task Analysis • Do the task • Write down steps • Have someone else perform it • Watch others & do research • Watch student perform task • Adjust task analysis to include missing steps

  6. When creating a task analysis, consider • Size of step(s)

  7. Zits cartoon -- Jeremy’s Mom asks him to follow a 2-step direction re: the dishwasher and it’s too much for Jeremy.

  8. When creating a task analysis, consider • Size of step(s) • Branching • Sequence of steps • Individual needs

  9. A Calvin & Hobbes cartoon -- Calvin believes the peanut butter is ruined because someone has failed to follow through on a ritualistic behavior.

  10. When creating a task analysis, consider • Size of step(s) • Branching • Sequence of steps • Individual needs • Principle of partial participation

  11. Dennis the Menace: Principle of Partial Participation

  12. Shaping • reinforcement of successive approximations of better and better attempts at a complex response

  13. Baby Blues: Shaping

  14. Forward chaining • taught to perform the first unlearned step in the chain • step is mastered • instruction proceeds to the next step

  15. Peanuts: Linus forgets how to tie his shoe. A great example of why not to use forward chaining.

  16. Backward chaining • Steps are taught in reverse order • Links natural reinforcement with completion of task • May help student see connection with task rather than starting at the beginning and taking so much instructional time to final reach the end steps

  17. May be useful when student demonstrates more success with end steps during baseline or initial assessment

  18. Peanuts: Linus continues his shoe-tying saga.

  19. Global chaining • Total task

  20. Real Life Adventures: Quality control

  21. Peanuts: Linus finishes his shoe-tying saga.

  22. Component Analysis of Functional Life Routines Brown, F., Evans, I. M., Weed, K. A., Owen, V. (1987)

  23. Routines • chain of daily activities occurring within or approximating natural time frame and order • Begins with natural cue • Ends with critical effect

  24. Form • specific motoric act • may overlook various ways to perform task

  25. Function • outcome the activity is suppose to achieve

  26. Fixed • typically only one form used for accomplishing critical effect of routine

  27. Substitutable • critical effect may be accomplished in a number of ways

  28. Routine interval • Daily • occur on a daily or near daily basis • Episodic • occur on a more intermittent basis

  29. Component analysis of functional life routines • Core • Extension • Enrichment

  30. Core • steps of routine that are absolutely necessary for the intent or purpose of the routine to be accomplished

  31. Extension • extend the core to create a more comprehensive routine that meets demands of the natural environment

  32. Extension • Initiating the routine • Preparing for the routine • Monitoring the quality of one’s performance

  33. Fox Trot: The problems associated with making just one error on the task analysis.

  34. Extension • Initiating the routine • Preparing for the routine • Monitoring the quality of one’s performance • Monitoring the tempo • Problem solving

  35. Fox Trot: Problem-solving during a task analysis.

  36. Dennis the Menace: Problem-solving during a task analysis.

  37. Extension • Initiating the routine • Preparing for the routine • Monitoring the quality of one’s performance • Monitoring the tempo • Problem solving • Terminating the routine

  38. Fox Trot: Another instance of error correction during a task analysis.

  39. Enrichment • not mandatory, but in keeping with requirements of the natural environment • Communication • Social skills

  40. For Better or Worse: Social skills during a task analysis.

  41. Enrichment • not mandatory, but in keeping with requirements of the natural environment • Communication • Social skills • Preference or choice

  42. Dennis the Menace: Choice making during a task analysis

  43. Baby Blues: Social Skills during a task analysis.

  44. Peanuts: Choice-making during a task analysis.

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