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Unveiling Five Fracking Facts: From Formation to Reserves

Discover the basics of fracking - from fossil fuel formation to global reserves. Learn how fracking works, its advantages, disadvantages, and current trends in oil production and refining. Explore the impact of this controversial method on the world’s energy resources.

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Unveiling Five Fracking Facts: From Formation to Reserves

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  1. Please get out your five fracking facts for a stamp and a piece of paper. Yo – this is real talk. What the frack?

  2. Why fossil fuels?

  3. Because fossil fuels contain hydrocarbons with lots of bonds

  4. Burning fossil fuels: converts potential chemical energy to heat and light kinetic energy • CH4 + O2CO2 + H2O • Longer hydrocarbons = more chemical bonds = more potential energy

  5. How do oil and natural gas form? • Watch the video clip. • In your notes, outline oil formation in bullet form. • How does this relate to the carbon cycle? • So does that mean that oil-rich regions were once underwater?

  6. OK, so how do we get it out of the ground?

  7. Gotta find it first! 3D seismic imaging

  8. Fracking is not “new” 1947, George Mitchell, Barnett Shale

  9. Categorize your Five Fracking Facts: • How fracking works • Advantage of fracking • Disadvantage of fracking

  10. Quick check – put the following steps in order! • A. Shale rock fractures releasing petrochemicals • B. Borehole drilled vertically past water table • C. Natural gas and petroleum rises through well back to surface and is collected in tanks. • D. Propants keep fractures open and gas flowing • E. Fracking fluids sent down well under pressure • F. Horizontal drilling through shale layer • Check it! B, F, E, A, D, C

  11. Fracking advantages

  12. Fracking disadvantages

  13. Make sure your name is on your homework and pass it forward

  14. Production in conventional plays: Three stages of recovery • Primary oil recovery: oil flows into well because of gravity and pressure. (Spindletop – gusher started the Texas oil industry in Beaumont)

  15. Secondary recovery: longer hydrocarbons must be forced out by water (or gases like CO2)

  16. Tertiary recovery – a base like soap is added to water to move the largest hydrocarbons Base added

  17. Refining – the last step • Observe the differences between the vials. List as many as you can see. • Star the characteristic that you think is significant for separating oil into different products. • Hold up the vial that probably has the longest hydrocarbons. • Hold up the vial with the shortest hydrocarbons. • On what basis did you pick these two vials?

  18. Distillation column at refinery Purpose: to separate crude oil into different products based on length of hydrocarbon chains!

  19. Check for understanding! • On your map, put a star * on the places in TEXAS where oil production would be happening. • On your map, draw and arrow  to show where refining would be happening.

  20. So, how much is there?

  21. Global Petroleum reserves

  22. Problems with dependency on foreign oil: • 1. Other countries control supply and price • 2. Political and diplomatic difficulties • OPEC – Organization of Petroleum exporting countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela

  23. Global Shale Gas reserves (trillion cubic feet)

  24. US reserves – fracking has created big changes! (mark these on your diagram) • Peaked in 1970- 9.6 million barrels daily • Declined between 1970-2005; US importing up to 60% of petroleum requirements; exports banned • 2005 – Frackingtechnology makes more reserves economically viable • US crude output expected to crest around 9.5 million barrels per day in 2016, then begin to decline in 2020. (7.5 million barrels/day projected through 2040)

  25. Whew! That was a big bite! • Fossil fuel formation in carbon cycle • How fracking works • Fracking tradeoffs • Refining • Reserves and resources • Current trends

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