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By. Fauzi Dwi Susanto

By. Fauzi Dwi Susanto. Pengantar LFS (Linux From Scratch). Praktikum Sistem Operasi Tahun 2012 Teknik Informatika - D. Panduan LFS . Tentukan versi Linux Ubuntu yang dipakai . Karena versi ubuntu yang dipakai adalah versi 11.10, maka panduan LFS yang dipakai adalah :

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By. Fauzi Dwi Susanto

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  1. By. FauziDwiSusanto Pengantar LFS (Linux From Scratch) PraktikumSistemOperasiTahun 2012 TeknikInformatika - D

  2. Panduan LFS Tentukanversi Linux Ubuntu yang dipakai. Karenaversiubuntu yang dipakaiadalahversi 11.10, makapanduan LFS yang dipakaiadalah : LFS-BOOK 7.1

  3. PersiapanAwal • Install Linux Ubuntu 11.10 pada VB anda • Membuat partisi baru dengan ketentuan : • Partisi root yang diberi mount point / dan tipe file ext3 dengankapasitassesuaikebutuhananda. • Partisi swap yang diberi mount point /swap dan tipe file swapdengankapasitassesuaikebutuhananda. • Siapkan kopi dansedikithiburan agar tidakbosansertaajakcurhattemandisampingmu…!

  4. Setelah partisi baru telah dibuat, maka langkah selanjutnya adalah mengkopi file LFS ke sistem operasi Linux (paket-paketdan data-data LFS yang diperlukan). • Setelah dikopi, lakukan proses version-check untuk melihat versi sistem hostnya, jikaadapaket yang butuhdiinstaldahulumaka install paket2 tersebut. -- MerujukLFS-BOOK 7.1 hal.xvii--

  5. PersiapanPartisiBaru (Chap.2) Masuk root dahulu mke2fs -jv /dev/<xxx> Inisialisasi partisi swap cd /tmp rm -rfv e2fsprogs-1.42 mkswap /dev/<yyy> Mounting partisibaru export LFS=/mnt/lfs mkdir -pv $LFS mount -v -t ext3 /dev/<xxx> $LFS -- MerujukLFS-BOOK 7.1 hal.12,13 dan 14--

  6. Packages and Patches (Chap.3) Buat directory untuktempat LFS anda, danmasuksebagai root mkdir -v $LFS/sources chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources Setelahitupindahkanpaket-paket LFS andapada directory tersebutmelalui terminal atausecara manual. -- MerujukLFS-BOOK 7.1 hal.15-23 --

  7. Persiapan Final(Chap.4) • Mengecek apakah variabel LFS sudah sesuai ketentuan dengan cara mengetikkan perintah seperti di bawah ini: echo $LFS • Mengeset path dari variabel LFS dengan cara mengetikkan perintah seperti di bawah ini: export LFS=/mnt/lfs • Langkah selanjutnya yang dilakukan adalah membuat direktori LFS/tools dengan cara menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: mkdir -v $LFS/tools • Langkah selanjutnya adalah dengan membuat simlink /tools ke host system dengan cara menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: ln -sv $LFS/tools /

  8. Persiapan Final(Chap.4) • Langkah selanjutnya yang dilakukan adalah menambahkan user baru untuk LFS dengan cara menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: groupadd lfs useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs • Untuk mengganti password dilakukan dengan menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: passwd lfs • Setelah itu diberikan full akses ke user baru tersebut dengan menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: chown -v lfs $LFS/tools chown -v lfs $LFS/sources • Kemudian login sebagai user baru tersebut dengan menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: su – lfs

  9. Setting Environment • Membuat profil bash baru dengan cara menggunakan perintah di bawah ini: cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF" exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash EOF • Membuat Bashrc file dengan cara menggunakan perintah di bawah ini: cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF" set +h umask 022 ....................................... • Membuat user profil dengan cara menggunakan perintah seperti di bawah ini: source ~/.bash_profile

  10. Constructing a Temporary System (Chap.5) • Binutils-2.22– InstalisasiTahap 1 • Buat folder untuk build mkdir -v ../binutils-build cd ../binutils-build • Persiapkan Binutils untuk dikompilasi ../binutils-2.22/configure \ --target=$LFS_TGT --prefix=/tools \ --disable-nls --disable-werrorlalu make • Jika akan di build untuk x86_64, buat symlink ke tool chain case $(uname -m) in x86_64) mkdir -v /tools/lib &&ln -sv lib /tools/lib64 ;; esac • Install paket make install

  11. Constructing a Temporary System (Chap.5) GCC-4.6.2 – Instalasi tahap 1 Linux-3.2.6 API Headers Glibc-2.14.1

  12. Adjusting the Toolchain SPECS=`dirname $($LFS_TGT-gcc -print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs $LFS_TGT-gcc -dumpspecs | sed \ -e 's@/lib\(64\)\?/ld@/tools&@g' \ -e "/^\*cpp:$/{n;s,$, -isystem /tools/include,}" > $SPECS echo "New specs file is: $SPECS" unset SPECS Binutils-2.22 - Pass 2 GCC-4.6.2 - Pass 2 Tcl-8.5.11 Expect-5.45 Dan seterusnya..,,,,Lakukan compile dan install paketsecaraurut, jangansampaiada yang terlewatkan.

  13. Stripping • Remove symbols : strip --strip-debug /tools/lib/* strip --strip-unneeded /tools/{,s}bin/* • Remove the documentation rm -rf /tools/{,share}/{info,man,doc} -- Next slide to Chapter 6 --

  14. Installing Basic System Software (Chap. 6) • Creating directories onto which the file systems will be mounted mkdir -v $LFS/{dev,proc,sys} • Creating Initial Device Nodes mknod -m 600 $LFS/dev/console c 5 1 mknod -m 666 $LFS/dev/null c 1 3 • Mounting and Populating /dev mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev • Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems mount -vtdevptsdevpts $LFS/dev/pts mount -vttmpfsshm $LFS/dev/shm mount -vtprocproc $LFS/proc mount -vtsysfssysfs $LFS/sys

  15. Installing Basic System Software (Chap. 6) • Entering the ChrootEnvironment chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \ /tools/bin/bash --login +h • Creating Directories mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib,mnt,opt,run} mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var} install -dv -m 0750 /root install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{doc,info,locale,man} mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo} mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8} for dir in /usr /usr/local; do ln -sv share/{man,doc,info} $dir done case $(uname -m) in x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64 && ln -sv lib /usr/lib64 ;; esac mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool} ln -sv /run /var/run ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{misc,locate},local}

  16. Installing Basic System Software (Chap. 6) • Creating Essential Files and Symlinks ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,echo,pwd,stty} /bin ln -sv /tools/bin/perl /usr/bin ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.so{,.6} /usr/lib sed 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > /usr/lib/libstdc++.la ln -sv bash /bin/sh • Presence of /etc/mtab touch /etc/mtab • Create the /etc/passwd --- merujukLFS-BOOK 7.1 hal 80 --- • Create the /etc/group --- merujukLFS-BOOK 7.1 hal81 ---

  17. Installing Basic System Software (Chap. 6) • To work user name and group name exec /tools/bin/bash --login +h • Initialize the log files and give them proper permissions touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp} chgrp -v utmp /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 664 /var/run/utmp /var/log/lastlog chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp • Next, Linux-3.2.6 API Headers • Man-pages-3.35 • Glibc-2.14.1

  18. Re-adjusting the Toolchain • Create link to its counterpart in / tools/ $(gcc - dumpmachine)/ bin mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/{ld,ld-old} mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld} ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/bin/ld • A sed command gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \ -e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \ -e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \ `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs

  19. Re-adjusting the Toolchain • Sanity checks echo 'main(){}' > dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib‘ • Make sure that we're setup to use the correct startfilesdll grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log grep-B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log grep'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g‘ grep"/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log grep found dummy.log • Clean up the test files rm -v dummy.ca.out dummy.log

  20. Next Install Paket Zlib-1.2.6 File-5.10 Binutils-2.22 GMP-5.0.4 MPFR-3.1.0 MPC-0.9 GCC-4.6.2 Sed-4.2.1 Bzip2-1.0.6 Ncurses-5.9 …………............…catatpaketygsudahterinstallbilaperlu Vim-7.3

  21. Stripping Again • Exit from chroot logout • Entering the Chroot Environment chroot $LFS /tools/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /tools/bin/bash –login • The binaries and libraries can be safely stripped /tools/bin/find /{,usr/}{bin,lib,sbin} -type f \ -exec /tools/bin/strip --strip-debug '{}' ';'

  22. Cleaning Up When reentering the chroot environment after exiting, use the following modified chroot command chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \ HOME=/root TERM="$TERM" PS1='\u:\w\$ ' \ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \ /bin/bash –login

  23. Setting Up System Bootscripts(Chap. 7) • Creating stable names for network interfaces for NIC in /sys/class/net/* ; do INTERFACE=${NIC##*/} udevadm test --action=add $NIC done cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules • Creating Network Interface Configuration Files cd /etc/sysconfig/ cat > ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF" ONBOOT=yes IFACE=eth0 ……………

  24. Setting Up System Bootscripts(Chap. 7) • Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF" # Begin /etc/resolv.conf domain <Your Domain Name> nameserver <IP address of your primary nameserver> nameserver <IP address of your secondary nameserver> # End /etc/resolv.conf EOF • Create the /etc/hosts cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF" # Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version) 127.0.0.1 <HOSTNAME.example.org> <HOSTNAME> localhost # End /etc/hosts (no network card version) EOF

  25. Creating Custom Symlinks to Devices • CD-ROM symlinks udevadm test /sys/block/hdd sed -i -e 's/"write_cd_rules"/"write_cd_rules mode"/' \ /lib/udev/rules.d/75-cd-aliases-generator.rules • Dealing with duplicate devices udevadm info -a -p /sys/class/video4linux/video0

  26. Setting Up System Bootscripts(Chap. 7) Install LFS-Bootscripts-20120229 Configuring the setclockScript cat > /etc/sysconfig/clock << "EOF" # Begin /etc/sysconfig/clock UTC=1 # Set this to any options you might need to give to hwclock, # such as machine hardware clock type for Alphas. CLOCKPARAMS= # End /etc/sysconfig/clock EOF

  27. Setting Up System Bootscripts(Chap. 7) Configuring the Linux Console cat > /etc/sysconfig/console << "EOF" # Begin /etc/sysconfig/console UNICODE="1" KEYMAP="de-latin1" KEYMAP_CORRECTIONS="euro2" LEGACY_CHARSET="iso-8859-15" FONT="LatArCyrHeb-16 -m 8859-15" # End /etc/sysconfig/console EOF

  28. The Bash Shell Startup Files • List of all locales supported by Glibc locale –a • This results in a final locale setting of “en_GB.ISO-8859-1” LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix • Once the proper locale settings have been determined, create the / etc/ profile file: -- merujukhal 215 – • Creating the /etc/inputrcFile : -- merujukhal216 –

  29. Making the LFS System Bootable (Chap. 8) • Creating the /etc/fstab File Isi file system dan type sesuaidenganpartisi laptop anda. • hdparm-I /dev/sda | grep NCQ

  30. Making the LFS System Bootable (Chap. 8) Linux-3.2.6 (Kernel) make mrproper make LANG=<host_LANG_value> LC_ALL= menuconfig make make modules_install cp -v arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.6-lfs-7.1 cp -v System.map /boot/System.map-3.2.6 cp -v .config /boot/config-3.2.6 install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-3.2.6 cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-3.2.6

  31. Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process • Creating a GRUB boot floppy diskette as a backup cd /tmp && grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso && xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_neededgrub-img.iso • GRUB Naming Conventions grub-mkdevicemap --device-map=device.map cat device.map

  32. Setting Up the Configuration Install the GRUB files into / boot/ grub: grub-install /dev/sda Creating the Configuration File cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF" # Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,2) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 3.2.6-lfs-7.1" { linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.6-lfs-7.1 root=/dev/sda2 ro } EOF

  33. The End (Chap. 9) WARNING…!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Hati – hatipadasaatakantahap reboot ..!!! Rebooting the System logout Then unmountthe virtual file systems umount -v $LFS/dev/pts umount -v $LFS/dev/shm umount -v $LFS/dev umount -v $LFS/proc umount -v $LFS/sys

  34. The End (Chap. 9) Unmount the LFS file system itself : umount -v $LFS If multiple partitions were created, unmount the other partitions before unmounting the main one, like this umount -v $LFS/usr umount -v $LFS/home umount -v $LFS Now, reboot the system with : shutdown -r now

  35. ContohHasil Grub After Reboot

  36. MohonDiperhatikan ..!!!! Dear Praktikan SO TIF-D : Project LFS iniwaktupengumpulannyadiperpanjangsampaidenganakhir UAS Hasilakhir project LFS inididemokansetelah UAS secarakelompokkemasing-masingdosenpengampu Untukdokumentasinyaadalahmasing-masinganggotakelompok(individu) Sebelum demo kedosenkppharussudah di ttdolehkoas SO danlaporanlengkap yang sudahdisusunsecaraurutsesuaidenganketentuanpenjilidan Ketentuandan format penjilidanakandiuploadminggudepan

  37. TerimaKasih …. SelamatMengerjakan !!!!

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