EFA Global Monitoring Report

1. EFA Global Monitoring Report Education and international developmentWhy research matters Pauline Rose, 29 September 2011

2. Why research matters (for the EFA Global Monitoring Report) • Evidence needed to hold governments and international aid donors to account for achieving Education for All: • Show progress (or otherwise) towards EFA goals • Understand processes holding back progress • Identify policies and strategies to reach the goals • AND, more broadly, ensure education is given a central place on the development agenda

3. Education progressisslowing 120 100 67 million 80 3 6 60 8 40 18 20 29 0 2015 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 • Current projections - 48 million children out of school in 2015, and real numbers could be much higher Out-of-school children (millions) Out-of-school children 106 million Rest of the World Latin America and the Caribbean 4 9 Arab States East Asia and the Pacific 11 Latin America and the Caribbean South and West Asia 48 million Arab States 37 million East Asia and the Pacific Sub-Saharan Africa 42 million 1999 2008

4. Aid to basic education has been static Disbursements of aid to basic education stopped increasing in 2008 – US$4.7 billion Aiddisbursements to education (constant 2008 US$ billions) 11.7 12 11.4 10.6 9.6 10 8.5 8.1 8 6.4 6 4 4.7 4.7 4.2 2 3.8 3.3 3.0 2.4 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total aid to basic education Total aid to education

5. Aid to basic education has been static Pakistan Angola Chad Guinea Bissau - Afghanistan • 21 of the world’s poorest developing countries that spend more on military budgets than primary education • 10% of their military spending could put 9.5 million children into school Kyrgyzstan Burundi Mauritania D. R. Congo Bangladesh Ethiopia Togo Yemen Uganda Vietnam Burkina Faso Mali Nepal Sierra Leone Cambodia C. A. R. Gambia Cote d'Ivoire Madagascar Kenya Senegal U. R. Tanzania 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ratio of military to primary education expenditure

6. Spendingpriorities: Education versus military US$1029 billion Total annual military spending by rich countries 6 number of days of military spending needed to close the EFA funding gap

7. Spendingprioritiesdon’t match citizenpriorities in humantarian situations • Humanitarian aid in 2009 Education received only 2% of all US$ Million funding. 2% And has the smallest share of requests funded

8. Nigeria: educationinequalitiesremainwide Ukraine Cuba Rural Bolivia Urban Indonesia Honduras Urban Cameroon Bangladesh Rural Chad Somalia Nigeria 14 (2003) 12 10.3 years 10 years Rich, rural boys 9.7 years Rich, urban boys 10 Richest 20% Rich, rural girls Boys 8 Girls Average number of years of schooling Nigeria Poor, urban boys 6.4 years 6.7 years 6 4 Education poverty Poorest 20% 3.5 years 3.3 years Poor, rural girls 2.6 years 2 Extreme education poverty Rural Hausa Poor, rural Hausa girls 0 0.3 years 0.5 years

9. Egypt: challenges at both ends of the education spectrum Egypt

10. Conflictreinforceseducationinequality Democratic Republic of Congo Poorest 20% female Poor females are most likely to miss out on an education in conflict zones 40% Poorest 20% male North Kivu 30% Population aged 17-22 with fewer than 2 years of education 20% Richest 20% male 10% 0%

11. Educatingwomensaveslives The education dividend could save 1.8 million lives 4.2 million 2.6 million 4.4 million …if all women had secondary education …if all women had primary education Under 5 deaths in sub-Saharan Africa

12. Education enhancesequality

13. Education improves HIV awareness

14. Conclusion • Research matters to ensure progress towards EFA, and to shape the agenda beyond 2015

15. www.efareport.unesco.org