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Objectives Overview

Objectives Overview. See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives. Objectives Overview. See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives. System Development. Page 510. System Development. Page 511 Figure 12-1. System Development. System development should follow three general guidelines:. Pages 510 - 512.

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Objectives Overview

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  1. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives

  2. Objectives Overview Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 See Page 510 for Detailed Objectives

  3. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 510

  4. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 511 Figure 12-1

  5. System Development • System development should follow three general guidelines: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 510 - 512

  6. System Development • System development should involve representatives from each department in which the proposed system will be used Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 511 - 513 Figure 12-2

  7. System Development • Project managementis the process of planning, scheduling, and then controlling the activities during system development • To plan and schedule a project efficiently, the project leader identifies the following elements: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 513 - 514

  8. System Development Popular tools used to plan and schedule the time relationships among project activities are Gantt and PERT charts Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 514 Figure 12-3

  9. System Development • Feasibility is a measure of how suitable the development of a system will be to the organization Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 515

  10. System Development • Documentationis the collection and summarization of data, information, and deliverables. • Maintaining up-to-date documentation should be an ongoing part of system development. Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 515

  11. System Development • During system development, members of the project team gather data and information using several techniques Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 516 Figure 12-4

  12. System Development • The planning phasefor a project begins when the steering committee receives a project request • Four major activities are performed: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 520

  13. System Development • The analysis phaseconsists of two major activities: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 520 - 522

  14. System Development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 521 Figure 12-6

  15. System Development • The system proposal assesses the feasibility of each alternative solution • The steering committee discusses the system proposal and decides which alternative to pursue Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 522 - 523

  16. System Development • The design phase consists of two major activities Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 523

  17. System Development • To acquire the necessary hardware and software: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 524

  18. System Development • The next step is to develop detailed design specifications Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 525 - 526

  19. System Development • Systems analysts typically develop two types of designs for each input and output Mock-up Layout chart Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 525 - 526 Figures 12-8 – 12-9

  20. System Development • A prototype (proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system’s essential functionality • Prototypes have inadequate or missing documentation • Users tend to embrace the prototype as a final system • Should not eliminate or replace activities Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 526

  21. System Development • A prototype(proof of concept) is a working model of the proposed system’s essential functionality • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are designed to support one or more activities of system development Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 526 – 527 Figure 12-10

  22. System Development • The purpose of the implementation phaseis to construct the new or modified system and then deliver it to users Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 528 - 529

  23. System Development • Various tests should be performed on the new system Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 528

  24. System Development • Traininginvolves showing users exactly how they will use the new hardware and software in the system • One-on-one sessions • Classroom-style lectures • Web-based training Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 528 - 529 Figure 12-11

  25. System Development • One or more of four conversion strategies can be used to change from the old system to the new system • Direct conversion • Parallel conversion • Phased conversion • Pilot conversion Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 529

  26. System Development • The purpose of the support and security phaseis to provide ongoing assistance for an information system and its users after the system is implemented Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 530

  27. Application Development Languages and Tools • A programming languageis a set of words, abbreviations, and symbols that enable a software developer to communicate instructions to a computer or mobile device • Low-level language • High-level language Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 531 - 532

  28. Application Development Languages and Tools • Machine language is the first generation of programming languages • Only language the computer directly recognizes Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 532 Figure 12-12

  29. Application Development Languages and Tools • Assembly languageis the second generation of programming languages • Programmer writes instructions using symbolic instruction codes • A source programcontains the language instructions, or code, to be converted into machine language Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 532 - 533 Figure 12-13

  30. Application Development Languages and Tools • In a procedural language, the programmer writes instructions that tell the computer what to accomplish and how to do it Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 533

  31. Application Development Languages and Tools • The C programming language is used to write many of today’s programs Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 534 Figure 12-14

  32. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 534 - 535

  33. Application Development Languages and Tools Compiler Interpreter Pages 534 – 535 Figures 12-15 – 12-16 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12

  34. Application Development Languages and Tools • An object-oriented programming (OOP) language allows programmers the ability to reuse and modify existing objects • Other advantages include: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 535

  35. Application Development Languages and Tools • Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems • The Just-in-time (JIT) compiler to convert the machine-independent code into machine-dependent code Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 536 Figure 12-17

  36. Application Development Languages and Tools • C++is an extension of the C programming language • Additional features for working with objects • Visual Studiois Microsoft’s suite of object-oriented application development tools that assists software developers in building programs and apps for Windows or any operating system that supports the Microsoft .NET Framework Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 536

  37. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 537 Figure 12-18

  38. Application Development Languages and Tools • A 4GL(fourth-generation language) is a nonprocedural languagethat enables users and programmers to access data in a database • One popular 4GL is SQL Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 538

  39. Application Development Languages and Tools • Classic programming languages include: Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 538

  40. Application Development Languages and Tools • An application generator is a program that creates source code or machine code from a specification of the required functionality • Often bundled as part of a DBMS • A macrois a series of statements that instructs an application how to complete a task • You usually create the macro in one of two ways: • Record the macro with a macro recorder • Write the macro Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Pages 538 - 539

  41. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 539 Figure 12-19

  42. Application Development Languages and Tools • HTMLis a special formatting language that programmers use to format documents for display on the web Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 540 Figure 12-20

  43. Application Development Languages and Tools • XMLallows web developers to create tags that describe how information is displayed • WML is a subset of XML and is used to design pages specifically for microbrowsers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 541

  44. Application Development Languages and Tools • Software developers write scripts, applets, servlets, or ActiveX controls using a variety of languages Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 542

  45. Application Development Languages and Tools Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 542

  46. Summary Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 12 Page 545

  47. Chapter 12 Complete

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