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Morphological Evolution in Phylogenetic Linguistics - A Case Study in Austronesian Languages

This paper by Laurent Sagart explores morphological innovations in Austronesian languages from a phylogenetic perspective, focusing on changes in pronouns, verb suffixes, and prefixation patterns. Simultaneously updated in 2004 and 2008, the research delves into the higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the settlement pathways. The study unveils significant morphological shifts and their implications on linguistic evolution.

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Morphological Evolution in Phylogenetic Linguistics - A Case Study in Austronesian Languages

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  1. 11-ICAL, Aussois, June 22-25, 2009 PAn morphology in phylogenetic perspective Laurent SAGART CNRS, Paris

  2. Sagart, L. (2004) The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai.Oceanic Linguistics 43,2 (2004): 411-444.

  3. updated in Sagart, L. (2008) The expansion of setaria farmers in east asia: a linguistic and archaeological model. In Sanchez-Mazas A, Blench R, Ross M, Peiros I, Lin M, eds. Past human migrations in East Asia: matching archaeology, linguistics and genetics, 133-157. Routledge Studies in the Early History of Asia, London: Routledge.

  4. Higher An phylogeny based on numerals PAn

  5. PAN NE Formosan pitu '7' lima '5' enem '6' puluq '10' walu '8', Siwa '9' Malayo-Polynesian, Tai-Kadai Pathway of An settlement of Taiwan PMP

  6. This paper Three morphological innovations

  7. I. Replacement of 3rd person pronouns Ross (2006) Two reconstructible sets:

  8. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *ni-Cia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  9. The *sia set(Atayal, MP) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nia genitive plural *nia

  10. The *Cia set is analytical, unbalanced The *sia set is synthetic, balanced signs that phonological reduction and analogy have played a role

  11. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *ni-Cia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  12. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *nCia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  13. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *Cia nominative plural *Cia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  14. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *ni-a-Cia

  15. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nsia genitive plural *nsia

  16. The *Cia set(Saisiat, Pazeh) nominative singular *sia nominative plural *sia genitive singular *nia genitive plural *nia

  17. This sequence of changes completed after divergence of Saisiat and Pazeh

  18. II. Loss of *-en in PF /perfective Patient focus perfective verbs: Paz, Sai, Thao, Sir: <in>V-en Elsewhere: <in>V Which is PAn ?

  19. Loss of *-en motivation is simplification Perf PF verbs common in discourse decrease marking of common forms without loss of a distinction: no verbs marked simply with <in>

  20. motivation for gain of *–en ?

  21. Prohibition of *-en in PF - PERF verbs • fixed after the divergence of Pazeh, Saisiat, Thao and Siraya

  22. III. extension of ki- prefixation to verb roots Teng, S. and E. Zeitoun (ms c. 2005) The passive ki- in Rukai, Paiwan and Puyuma: borrowing, shared innovation or parallel development?

  23. ki- + noun > ‘get N’, ‘collect N’ Saisiat kaehoey ‘tree, wood, brushwood’ vs. ki-kaehoey ‘gather brushwood’, Kanakanavu tamemi ‘sweet potato’ vs. ki-tamemi ‘gather sweet potatoes’, Puyuma daqiŋ'a share' vs. ki-daqiŋ'claim one's share'

  24. ki + verb > get ‘V-ed’ Nanwang Puyuma bekas ‘to interrogate’ vs. ki-bekas ‘to get interrogated’ Tona Rukai avase ‘to rob’ vs. ki-avase ‘to get robbed’ Paiwan seqas ‘to cut’ vs. ki-seqas ‘cut oneself’ Rukai, Bunun, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Amis, MP

  25. parallel of English ‘get’ • originally from Old Norse getan ‘to obtain, reach’ • transitive verb taking nominals as its objects. • development of ‘get V-ed’ is mid-17th c. (OED).

  26. Three morphological innovations

  27. This tree • not fully compatible with numerals-based tree: • need to allow prohibition of *-en to happen twice (Atayalic, Enemish) • but tells a very similar story: • homeland in NW Formosa • settlement of west coast precedes settlement of south and east coast • MP subgroups with SE coast.

  28. Converging evidence for this scenario • archaeology: west coast neolithic older than east coast neolithic • Gray’s computational method (when Chinese is the sole outgroup) • population genetics...?

  29. Thank you for your attention

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