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Understanding Bioenergetic Reactions: ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

Learn about bioenergetic reactions in living organisms, including ATP, photosynthesis, and aerobic/anaerobic cellular respiration processes. Discover how energy is stored, released, and transferred within cells. Explore the significance of aerobic versus anaerobic respiration.

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Understanding Bioenergetic Reactions: ATP, Photosynthesis, and Cellular Respiration

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  1. Bioenergetic Reactions J. R. Jones and M. Merritt Fall 2006

  2. Bioenergetic Reactions • Reactions that occur in living things and involve the storing or the releasing of energy. • The source of energy for all living things is the sun. • However, most living things cannot use energy in this form. • These reactions create and use energy in the form of ATP.

  3. What is ATP? • ATP is a type of nucleic acid that is used to transfer energy within the cell. • When a phosphate group is added to ADP, energy is stored forming ATP. • Energy is released from ATP when a phosphate group is released, forming ADP. • NADH is another energy carrier that functions similar to ATP. http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/LAD/C7/graphics/C7_atp_2.GIF

  4. Photosynthetic Organisms http://www.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/invasive_algae/chloro/clad_field_good_small.jpg http://www.wssa.net/photo&info/bmp/lupine.large-leaved.plants.jpg http://english.pravda.ru/img/2005/11/bacteria.jpg http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/GIFs/protists.jpg

  5. These are the organisms that can do photosynthesis: • Plants • Algae • Some protists • Some bacteria

  6. Photosynthesis • This reaction harnesses radiant energy from the sun and stores it as chemical energy in carbohydrates. • This reaction takes place in an organelle called the chloroplast. • It requires light and the pigment chlorophyll. • Equation: 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2

  7. Organisms that do aerobic cellular respiration http://www.channelislandsrestoration.com/photos/images/IslandFox1.jpg http://www.rhs.org.uk/chelsea/2005/exhibitors/plants/images/GlebeCottagePlants.jpg http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/basidio/mushroomsismall.jpg

  8. These are the organisms that can do aerobic respiration: • Plants • Animals • Fungi • Protists • Some bacteria • ……basically anything alive!

  9. Aerobic Cellular Respiration • This reaction releases energy from the chemical bonds of carbohydrates. • This is an aerobic process which means it requires oxygen. • This reaction takes place in an organelle called the mitochondria. • Equation: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H20 + 6CO2 + 36ATP

  10. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Fermentation) • This is an anaerobic process which means that oxygen is not required. • There are two types of fermentation: • Alcohol Fermentation • Lactic Acid Fermentation http://www.schmohz.com/images/beer-fermenter.jpeg

  11. Alcohol Fermentation • Pyruvic acid + NADH NAD+ alcohol CO2 2 ATP

  12. Organisms that do alcohol fermentation • Yeast perform alcohol fermentation in the absence of oxygen. • The alcohol produced is the type that we drink. • The CO2 produced is used to make bread rise. http://www.utoronto.ca/greenblattlab/images/a/yeast%201.jpg

  13. Lactic Acid Fermentation • Pyruvic acid + NADH NAD+ lactic acid CO2 2 ATP *Lactic acid is what makes your muscles sore when you exercise.

  14. Organisms that do lactic acid fermentation • Humans (and other animals) - when they are exercising and their muscles aren’t getting enough O2 to keep up with the energy demand. • The build up of lactic acid is what makes your muscles start to burn. http://www.donlemmonsknowhow.com/img/exercise-session.jpg

  15. What’s the big deal about aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration? • You get way more ATP from aerobic cellular respiration than you do from anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation). • Fermentation is mostly used to provide organisms with short-term bursts of energy when oxygen is not available. http://www.athleticsireland.ie/content/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/washington.jpg

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