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Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) & Perceptions on PCPNDT

Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) & Perceptions on PCPNDT. Akhilesh Bhargava Director-SIHFW, Jaipur. Sex Ratio . Sex Ratio: India. Sex Ratio: India (1901-2001). Child Sex Ratio(0-6), 2001, Rajasthan. Study on Sex Ratio assessment & Awareness on PCPNDT Act Conducted by:

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Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) & Perceptions on PCPNDT

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  1. Assessment of Sex Ratio (0-6 yrs.) &Perceptions on PCPNDT Akhilesh Bhargava Director-SIHFW, Jaipur

  2. Sex Ratio

  3. Sex Ratio: India

  4. Sex Ratio: India (1901-2001)

  5. Child Sex Ratio(0-6), 2001, Rajasthan

  6. Study on Sex Ratio assessment & Awareness on PCPNDT Act Conducted by: SIHFW, Jaipur

  7. District Selection criteria: Sex Ratio(2001) • Best & Worst • Sri Ganganagar (-42) • Jhunjhujunu (-33) • Alwar (-26) • Pali (+31) • Jaisalmer (+16)

  8. Sample size:

  9. Respondents

  10. Respondents:2850 • Pvt. clinics : 26 • District level : 130 • Health. Workers: 226 • ANM : 40 • ASHA : 58 • AWW : 78 • LHV : 7 • Med. Officers : 78 • Govt. : 52 • Private : 26 • PRI : 43

  11. Observations • District Authorities • Collector • SP • RCHO • CMO • PMO • BDO • BPM

  12. Areas with low sex Ratio • 26.3% unaware • 26 % said ratio has increased • 47.4 % affirmed increase

  13. Reasons: Increase/ Decrease Increase • Preference for Boys :68% Decrease • Govt. schemes for Girls :33%

  14. Knowledge of penalty on misuse of technique in PCPNDT ActN=130 • Penalty • For Providers :74 -88 % • For Users :60-66 %

  15. Misuse : Whose Responsibility 60 % of Dist. Authorities hold • Medical Officers Pregnant woman + • Motivator, and • Husband / R elative Responsible for Misuse of Technique

  16. Reasons for using USG Indications: • Detection of Cong. Anomalies :82% • H/o Multiple Abortions :53% Contraindications: • Sex Determination :80%

  17. Observations Health Workers(N-183) • LHV • ANM • ASHA • AWW

  18. Understanding of referral Criteria: 65-87% • Bleeding • Delay in Delivery • Placenta expulsion delayed

  19. Enquiry by Pregnant Woman on • Sex determination centre • ANM :87% • ASHA :100% • LHV :67% • Response to query • Illegal • ANM :86% • ASHA :87% • AWW :87%

  20. Awareness on Declining Sex Ratio: 81% • ANM :90% • ASHA :75% • PRI :91% • Responsibility • Society :50% • Woman :28%; 5-10% accuse Doctors • Reasons: • Extension :96% • Economic : 80% • Religious :63%

  21. Consequences of declining Sex Ratio:Health workers feel • Gender Imbalance : 96% • Gender violence/ Crime : 82%

  22. Reasons for female feticide • Male :85 • Dowry :70% • Misuse of technique:60-80%

  23. Awareness of Act • Act-80% Aware (AWW-65%) • Appropriate Authority- reasonable understanding • Undergoing sex determination is punishable • ANM- :95% • ASHA :93% • AWW :93% • LHV :100% • PRI :97% A healthy Reflection of awareness

  24. Community perception

  25. Distribution of Respondents by Sex

  26. Age, sex and urban: Rural differential

  27. % of 0-6yr. Children in area2850 Houses, M-2432, F-2276, SR-935

  28. Preference of pregnancy outcome • Households :2850 • Pregnant women :384 (14%) • Preference: % • 16.7 • 36.2 • 47

  29. USG & Pregnancy • Undergone USG :20.1% • Who asked :Doctor (53.2%) • Where :Govt. facility (52 %) :Private (20%) • Why • Abnormality :2.6 % • Fetal position :15.6 % • Age 35+ : 6.5 % • Sex Determination : 26 %

  30. Sex and age of Urban/ Rural respondents

  31. Societal perceptions and some healthy observations-male respondents

  32. Societal perceptions and some healthy observations-Female respondents

  33. Why are preferred

  34. Desire to have Male child and efforts made • Male • Rural :10.65 • Urban :8.9% Jhunjhunu tops with 16. 2 and 12.5% • Female • Rural :11% • Urban :9.4% • Who do they Contact • Male Urban :Witchcraft/ Ledger man 58% :RMP 23% Rural 75 & 25 • Female- Witch craft: Urban: 100% Rural- 62% RMP : Rural 12.5% 62

  35. Some more Observations • Rural /Urban, Male/ Female : • Aware of Sex Detection – Illegal (R -81,U-90%) • Aware of PCPNDT - (R-50, U-60%) • USG after 2/3 Girls • Rural - Male/female 15% • Urban – Male-20% /Female-18.07% • Gender imbalance leads to Sexual crimes • M/F, R/U 66-74%

  36. Society to understand : Female Feticide illegal • R/U, M/F 80% • Boys and Girls are Equal 79-90%

  37. Medical Officers on PCPNDT • Awareness 100% • Awareness of A/A 85% • Awareness on Penalty 84-90% • Awareness on Committee • Government 60% • Private 85% • Reasons for decreasing Sex ratio • Government Society 69% Doctors 3.8% • Private Society 54% Doctors 3.8%

  38. PCPNDT Act : Some Punctuations • Availability of Act at the Center • Government 33% • Private 89% • Display • Government 57.7% • Private 69.2% • Filling of F Form • Government –PW 7.7% • Private –PW 92.3% • Record (2 Yrs ) • Government 3.8% • Private 34.5%

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