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Chapter 30

Chapter 30. Respiratory System. Respiration. Ventilation : Movement of air into and out of lungs External respiration : Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood Internal respiration : Gas exchange between the blood and tissues.

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Chapter 30

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  1. Chapter 30 Respiratory System

  2. Respiration • Ventilation: Movement of air into and out of lungs • External respiration: Gas exchange between air in lungs and blood • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood • Internal respiration: Gas exchange between the blood and tissues

  3. Respiratory System Functions • Gas exchange: Oxygen enters blood and carbon dioxide leaves • Regulation of blood pH: Altered by changing blood carbon dioxide levels • Voice production: Movement of air past vocal folds makes sound and speech • Olfaction: Smell occurs when airborne molecules drawn into nasal cavity • Protection: Against microorganisms by preventing entry and removing them

  4. Respiratory System Divisions • Upper tract • Nose, pharynx and associated structures • Lower tract • Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

  5. Nose External nose Nasal cavity Functions Passageway for air Cleans the air Humidifies, warms air Smell Along with paranasal sinuses are resonating chambers for speech Pharynx Common opening for digestive and respiratory systems Three regions Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Nose and Pharynx

  6. Larynx • Functions • Maintain an open passageway for air movement • Epiglottis and vestibular folds prevent swallowed material from moving into larynx • Vocal folds are primary source of sound production

  7. Vocal Folds

  8. Trachea • Windpipe • Divides to form • Primary bronchi Insert Fig 23.5 all but b

  9. Tracheobronchial Tree • Conducting zone • Trachea to terminal bronchioles which is ciliated for removal of debris • Passageway for air movement • Cartilage holds tube system open and smooth muscle controls tube diameter • Respiratory zone • Respiratory bronchioles to alveoli • Site for gas exchange

  10. Tracheobronchial Tree

  11. Bronchioles and Alveoli

  12. Lungs • Two lungs: Principal organs of respiration • Right lung: Three lobes • Left lung: Two lobes • Divisions • Lobes, bronchopulmonary segments, lobules

  13. Ventilation • Movement of air into and out of lungs • Air moves from area of higher pressure to area of lower pressure • Pressure is inversely related to volume

  14. Alveolar Pressure Changes

  15. Changing Alveolar Volume • Lung recoil • Causes alveoli to collapse resulting from • Elastic recoil and surface tension • Surfactant: Reduces tendency of lungs to collapse • Pleural pressure • Negative pressure can cause alveoli to expand • Pneumothorax is an opening between pleural cavity and air that causes a loss of pleural pressure

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