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Urup

Kuril Island Geology. Urup. Brat Chirpoev. Bre MacInnes. Alaid. Earth and Space Sciences. Ekarma. ~Seattle. Map by Adam Freeburg. Paramushir. Outline. Why study the Kurils? General overview Geologic history Eruptive history and tephra Seismicity and tsunamis Terraces Summary

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Urup

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  1. Kuril Island Geology Urup Brat Chirpoev Bre MacInnes Alaid Earth and Space Sciences Ekarma

  2. ~Seattle Map by Adam Freeburg

  3. Paramushir Outline • Why study the Kurils? • General overview • Geologic history • Eruptive history and tephra • Seismicity and tsunamis • Terraces • Summary • Locations of interest

  4. Chirpoi Why study the Kurils? • Proportionally large coastal area • Fluctuating sediment supplies • Volcanic land-level change • Tectonic land-level change • Tsunamis • Large storms Great potential for dramatic changes in coastal area and geometry!

  5. General overview • Climate: • 60-90 day/yr strong storms (wind blows >15 m/s) • 2-8 typhoons/yr (winds ~ 50m/s) • fog >180 days/yr • offshore ice ~75 days/yr (southern islands) • tide range 1.2-1.7 m (southern islands) • wind forcing 1.5-2 m (max 6 m).[Bulgakov, 1996] • Holocene Optimum: 5,000-6,000 BP [Korotky et al., 1995]

  6. visibleearth.nasa.gov

  7. General overview Glacial extent during Last Glacial Maximum Stevenson, 2001

  8. Onekotan Geologic history

  9. Geologic history • Lesser Kurils • Cretaceous-Eocene subduction of Kula plate • Subaerial: Paleocene- Eocene and recent Kimura and Tamaki, 1985

  10. Geologic history • Greater Kurils • Rotation of Okhotsk plate in Oligocene and subduction of Pacific • Emerged in Pliocene Kimura and Tamaki, 1985

  11. Geologic history • Kuril “Plate” • Late Miocene • Divides active ridge from trench in south • Due to oblique subduction of Pacific Kimura and Tamaki, 1985

  12. Onekotan Atlasova Eruptive History

  13. Eruptive History • Largest Eruptions • Tao-Rusyr • 9400 BP • Ushishir • 9400 BP • Lvinaya-Past • 7500 BP Ishizuka, 2001; Braitseva et al., 1995

  14. Eruptive History NASA’s Earth Observatory Ishizuka, 2001

  15. Tephra Local and Kamchatka 11 Local 19 8 Local, Japan and China ~14 Ishizuka, 2001; Rajigaeva et al., 1998; Nakagawa et al., 2002

  16. Kunashir Tephra Nakagawa et al, 2002 From Nakagawa et al, 2002 and Razjigaeva et al, 1998

  17. Simushir Paramushir Seismicity

  18. Seismicity > 3.0 since 1973 neic.usgs.gov

  19. Seismicity Earthquakes > 6.5 neic.usgs.gov

  20. Seismicity S N

  21. Iturup Seismicity Bend S N

  22. Tsunamis From Novosibirsk and NGDC tsunami catalogs

  23. Tsunamis Iliev et al, 2005 ~ 500 yr recurrance interval of large tsunamis in Hokkaido (Nanayama et al, 2003)

  24. Ketoi Marine Terraces • Kunashir, Iturup and Urup: • ~ 7 terraces in total (3 m - 250 m) • 2-3 Holocene, 3-4 possibly correlating to interglacials • No correlation between islands? • Volcanic, not tectonic (Korotky et al, 1995) • Uplift estimates: • 2.5-2.8 mm/yr uplift- Pleistocene (Melekestsev 1974) • 0.8-0.9 mm/yr uplift- Pleistocene (Korotky et al, 1995) • 0.28 mm/yr uplift- Pleistocene (Pushkar et al, 1998) • 2 mm/yr subsidence- late Holocene (Bulgakov 1994)

  25. Constructional Terraces For Kunashir, Iturup, and Urup Razjigaeva et al, 2002; Korotky et al, 1995

  26. Summary • Climate: • The oldest beach ridges: ~5,000-6,000 yrs old • Large storm waves = high beach ridges • S. islands affected by sea ice • N. islands may have glacial features • Geologic history: • The islands are all fairly young • The Lesser Kurils are currently uplifting

  27. Summary • Volcanoes: • Many locations to study dated sediment fluxes • Tephra on Kunashir studied • On other islands we will have to do our own work • Earthquakes: • Central region relatively aseismic • 500 year recurrance of tsunamis in the south

  28. Summary Onekotan Rasshua Iturup • Terraces • Nobody agrees on how many, how old, or why, but terraces do exist!

  29. Chirpoi Urup Iturup Kunashir

  30. Shiashkotan Paramushir Chirpoi Ketoi

  31. Satellite images of interesting proposed sites for this summer

  32. Kunashir

  33. Kunashir

  34. Kunashir

  35. Kunashir

  36. Iturup

  37. Iturup

  38. Iturup

  39. Urup

  40. Urup

  41. Central Islands

  42. Central Islands

  43. Central Islands

  44. Central Islands

  45. Central Islands

  46. Paramushir

  47. Paramushir

  48. References (1) • Pictures from http://artedi.fish.washington.edu/okhotskia/ikip/Gallery/ unless otherwise noted. • Satellite images from Google Earth unless otherwise noted. • Novosibirsk (tsun.sscc.ru/htdbpac/) and NGDC (www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/tsupub.shtml) tsunami catalogs • Braitseva, O A; Melekestsev, I V; Ponomareva, V V; Sulerzhitsky, L D, 1995, Ages of calderas, large explosive craters and active volcanoes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region, Russia, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.57, no.6, pp.383-402. Bulgakov 1996 • Bulgakov, R. 1996: Reconstruction of Quaternary History of Southern Kurile Islands. Journal of Coastal Research 12, 930–39. • Iliev, A.Y., Kaistrenko, V.M., Gretskaya, E.V., Tikhonchuk, E.A., Razijaeva, N.G., Grebennikova, T.A., Ganzey, L.A., and Kharlamov, A.A., 2005, Holocene tsunami traces on Kunashir Island, Kurile subduction zone, in Satake, K., ed., Tsunamis; Case Studies and Recent Developments: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Springer, p. 171-192. • Ishizuka, T., B. Fitzhugh, and M. Nakagawa, 2001: Volcanic activity and recent tephras in the Kuril Islands: Field results during the International Kuril Island Project (IKIP). Poster presented at the International Symposium on Kuril Island Biogeography. 19-22 May 2001. University of Hokkaido, Sapporo.Kimura and Tamaki, 1985 • Korotky, A.M., Razjigaeva, N.G., Grebennikova, T.A., Ganzey, L.A., Mokhova, L.M., Bazarova, V.B., Sulerzhitsky, L.D., 1995, Holocene marine terraces of Kunashiri Island, Kurile Islands, The Quaternary Research, vol 34, no. 5, p. 359-375.

  49. References (2) • Melekestsev, I.V., Braitseva, O.A., Erlikh, E.N., Shantser, A.E., Chelebaeva, A.I., Lupikina, E.G., Egorova, I.A., and Kozhemyaka, N.N., 1974, Kamchatka, Kurile and Komandar Islands. History of development of relief of Siveria and Far East. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian) • Nakagawa M, Ishizuka Y, Kudo T, Yoshimoto M, Hirose W, Ishizaki Y, Gouchi N, Katsui Y, Solovyow AW, Steinberg GS, Abdurakhmanov AI, 2002, Tyatya Volcano, southwestern Kuril arc: Recent eruptive activity inferred from widespread tephra, ISLAND ARC 11 (4): 236-254 • Nanayama, F; Satake, Kenji; Furukawa, R; Shimokawa, Koichi; Atwater, B F; Shigeno, K; Yamaki, S, 2003, Unusually large earthquakes inferred from tsunami deposits along the Kuril Trench, Nature (London), vol.424, no.6949, pp.660-663. • Pushkar VS, Razzhigaeva NG, Korotkii AM, Mokhova LM, 1998, The late Golovnino transgression of the middle Pleistocene in the Kunashir Island (Kuril islands), Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation, 6 (6): 584-595. • Razjigaeva, N.G., Korotky, A.M., Grebennikova, T.A., Ganzey, L.A., Mokhova, L.M., Bazarova, V.B., Sulerzhitsky, L.D., Lutaenko, K.A., 2002. Holocene climatic changes and environmental history of Iturup Island, Kurile Islands, northwestern Pacific. Holocene 12 (4), 469–480. • Razjigaeva N. G., GREBENNIKOVA T. A., GANZEI L. A., BAZAROVA V. B., MOKHOVA L. M. & KOROTKY A. M. 1998. 14C ages of tephra layers from the Holocene deposits of Kunashir Island (Russian Far East). Radiocarbon 40, 841–7.Stevenson, 2001

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