THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SMART HOSPITAL USING RFID (RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION)

1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SMART HOSPITAL USING RFID (RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION) Project team membersInternal resources: USM RFID Team - Dr. Widad Ismail, Prof. Syed Idris Syed Hasan, Dr. Mandeep Singh Jit Singh, Dr. Kamal Zuhairi Zamli, Dr. NorAshidi Mat Isa, Dr. Zaini Abd HalimExternal resources (collaborators): Aliya Technologies Sdn. Bhd.

2. USM RFID GROUP

3. Grants • Internal grants (USM) • MOSTI grants • External grants (Agilents, JICA, etc) • Technofund (RM1.83 million) by MOSTI - 2007

4. Agenda 1- Introduction to RFID Technologies. 2- Terminology and Standards. 3- The infrastructure of RFID enhanced hospital “Smart Hospital” 4- RFID benefits in healthcare & Smart Hospitals. 5- RFID Device Selection criteria: Analysis/feasibility Study. 6- Current research & commerciallization work 6- Challenges & Problems. 7- Q & A.

5. Introduction • Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. • RFID is proving to be one of the best solutions for tracking and identifying assets around the world. • It can be used to locate items, monitor animals, provide quick identification and tracking medicines in the hospitals, it also can be deployed in various spheres for tracking and managing movable assets. An RFID tag used for electronic Toll collection. RFID tags used in libraries: square book tag, round CD/DVD tag and rectangular VHS tag. Just after the operation to insert the RFID tag was completed An RFID tag used for electronic Toll collection.

6. RFID Business Benefits • Improved productivity and cost Avoidance. • Decreased cycle time and tracking costs out. • Reduced Rework. • Reduced business risk & control of assests. • Improved security and services. • Improved utilization of resources. • Increased revenues. • Better Management.

7. Example of a Digital Community: Transformation StoryBumrungrad Hospital, Thailand • 554-bed facility • Over 960,000 outpatients/year (2003) Optimize workflow • Patient data, administrative records • All documents electronically input • Digitized medical images -- available promptly in doctor’s offices • All HIS integrated on one Application Platform and Database Results: • 40% growth in outpatient volume without adding IT overhead (3k patients/day) • Patients processed in 45 minutes from registration to prescription pick-up • 33% gross profit margin • All medical images archived on one server  file storage room converted to profitable children’s clinic

8. Terminology and Standards. • Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a method for remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID Tags or Transponders. • RFID tag is a small object, such as an adhesive sticker that can be attached to a product, these tags are composed of and antenna connected to an electronic chip, these chips transform the energy of radio frequency queries from an RFID reader or transceiver to respond by sending back information they enclose. • Finally, a computer hosting a specific RFID application or middleware pilots the reader and processes the data. • The Electronic Product Code ( EPC) uniquely identify objects and facilitates tracking through out the product’s life cycle.

9. The infrastructure of RFID enhanced hospital “Smart Hospital” First :- Many assets and actors of the facilities have to be “ tagged”. • Medical equipments ( must embed RFID tags by the manufacturer). • Hospital’s staff members wear “ smart badge” storing their employee ID numbers. • Each patient wearing a waistband with embedded RFID tag storing some information about him ( e.g. digital picture, unique patient code,… etc). • All patients medical histories and other important documents are tagged with self-adhesive RFID labels containing a unique number. • All drugs’ packages and bags of blood contains RFID labels, holding unique identifier and important information about the type of the blood. Second :- RFID readers are placed at strategic places within the hospital. • At the entrance and exits of the hospital. • Each operating theater contain at least one RFID reader. • RFID Sensors are placed in strategic galleries and important offices. • The Staff member, each have a handheld ( PDA, mobile phone, etc.) equipped with an RFID reader and possibly with a wireless (e.g. WiFi) connection to the web.

10. RFID benefits in healthcare & Smart Hospitals. • Patient Identification. • Blood Tracking. • Smart Operating Theaters. • Anti-Counterfeiting. • Tracking Equipments, Patients, Staff and Documents. • Avoiding thefts of Medical Equipments.

11. RFID Device Selection criteria: Analysis/feasibility Study. . What are the objects to be tagged? · What are the objects made of and how do they affect reading ranges? · What are chip antenna types? · What readers can read both passive and active tags? · What readers can read both RFID tags and bar code labels for easy transitioning? · What are other considerations that could affect externally the optimal location of tags? · How do various entities organize frequency types or ranges? · What other standards are the vendors using for their RFID products?

12. Current Project Work Package (WP) • WP1 – Up scaling of Gen 2 Passive RFID • WP2 – Up scaling of 2.45GHz Active RFID reader • WP3 – Smart Antenna System for Real Time Location System (RTLS) in Active • RFID • WP4 – RFID Data Acquisition System • WP5 – Internet Based RFID System Incorporated to RFID Data Management System

13. WP1 – Up scaling of Gen 2 Passive RFID TCP/IP Ethernet Passive RFID READER (USM & Aliya Tech. Collaboration Works) • Aliya Technologies (Aliya) has been tasked to develop the Gen2 RFID Reader for USM’s Technofund Project. The product’s technical specifications are as follows : • Multi-Protocol EPC Class 1 Gen 1/Gen 2, Read/Write • Operating Frequency UHF 902-928 MHz UHF 865-868 MHz • Architecture 8051 core processor, 32 KByte RAM, 32 KByte Flash • Power Consumption 9-12V DC 500mA • LCD Display 16 x 2 character LCD display to show operation message and Key-in. • Keypad 3 x 4 matrix keypad • Communication RS-232 (DB9), LAN TCP/IP (RJ-45) • Network Protocols TCP/IP

14. WP1 – Up scaling of Gen 2 Passive RFID

15. WP 2: Up scaling of 2.45GHz Active RFID reader 2.45GHz Active RFID reader & tags with temperature sensor application (USM team) Technical specifications of the 2.45GHz reader are as follows: • Operating frequency ISM 2.4 GHz • Range Up to 30 meters • Architecture Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC) Microcontroller 368 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) 256 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory 8K x 14 words of Flash Program Memory • Xbee Module tranceiver • Power Consumption (Xbee) < 10µA (@3.0 Vcc) • Communication RS 232 (DB9), LAN TCP/IP (RJ45) • Network Protocol TCP/IP

16. WP 2: Up scaling of 2.45GHz Active RFID reader Tag circuit Reader circuit

17. Aperture-coupled microstrip patch antennas Data sequence OFDM RF transceiver RTLS tag A switched beam smart antenna Positioning & tracking (Particle Filter) TOA estimation (MUSIC) OFDM RF transceiver RTLS reader Fig. 1 Schamatic Diagram of Proposed RTLS. WP3: Smart Antenna System for Real Time Location System (RTLS) in Active RFID

18. WP3: Smart Antenna System for Real Time Location System (RTLS) in Active RFID Upper layer of fabricated patch substrate for RFID tag Bottom layer of fabricated patch substrate for RFID tag Fabricated planar microstrip antenna array with Butler matrix for Active RFID reader with RTLS capability

19. WP 4: RFID Data Acquisition System

20. Internet Connection Request Request Remote Client PC Server/Client PC Reader Response Response WP5: Internet Based RFID System Incorporated to RFID Data Management System

21. RFIDTM System Connections Type • UTP Connection Mode

22. Publications and papers (International, national, books, citations etc) 1) Widad Ismail, JS Mandeep, Saeed Jawad, "Secure Multi-access Channel Using UWB for next generation RFID system, RF & Microwave Journal, Vol. 51, No. 9, September 2008 2) Widad Ismail, JS Mandeep, Raed Abdulla, “ Wireless Zigbee transponder with temperature sensor capability for RFID application” RFID Journal, July 2008, http://www.rfidjournal.com/whitepapers 3) Mohammed Elhefnawy, Widad Ismail, “A Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Butler Matrix”, Proceedings of Asia Pacific Symposium on EMC & 19th International Zurich Symposium On Electromagnetic Compatibility, 19-22 Mei 2008, paper id: 54.

23. Prototypes (prototype name, type eg, lab scale, engineering scale, commercial scale etc) 1) Gen 2 Passive RFID (up scaling for commercialization) 2) 2.4 GHz Active RFID System (up scaling for commercialization) 3) Circular Polarization Diversity with Small Size Microstrip Antenna for RFID tags (filed for patent to USM innovation office) 4) Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna Array with Butler Matrix for Smart Antenna Application in RTLS (filed for patent to USM innovation office) 5) Networked Based RFID Tracking and Monitoring Module (RFIDTM) - filed for patent to USM innovation office

24. Implementation issues & Project plan for Smart Hospital In order to complete the project of Smart Hospital, we need; 1- Software engineering team:- To develop a middleware program application, to integrate data in a common format with enterprise system, this middleware should be a scalable and robust distributed application, also a web based application connecting all the information gathered by RFID reader with a database server. 2- Network Engineering Team:- Since the Smart Hospital RFID architecture having wireless network connection, to integrate and store all data and information gathered from different RFID readers in database application servers and web-servers, so we need team of network engineer, for the purpose of wireless connection troubleshooting and installations. 3- Electrical engineering Team:- To specify the best RFIDs’ tags and readers specifications for this project and installing them in a way to maximize the benefits of applying this project with the minimum costs.

25. Market Survey of Active RFID Products • A list of RFID Middleware Providers are as follows :- • Acsis, Blue Vector Systems, Conne Terra, EPC global, ….. Etc. • 2- Main suppliers for Active RFID products including RFID tags and readers are:- - Lien Technology, Axcess, Escort Memory System, Microtec, Samsys, …… Etc.

26. Challenges & Problems There are still open problems to be solved before the healthcare community fully embraces the RFID technology:- 1- The Radio Frequencies interferences between the medical electronic devices in the hospital, we suggest here to use radio-frequencies anti-collision algorithm. 2- The Privacy & Security issues are also open problem here, since there is a possibility of unintended wireless transmission of healthcare-related information, the suggestion here is to use a challenging cryptographic algorithm for secure wireless transmission of the important healthcare information.

27. References • Radio-frequency identification, Web site:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification, accessed 5/8/2007. • Patrik Fuhrer, Dominique Guinard, Building a Smart Hospital using RFID technologies, University of Fribourg University of Fribourg, Department of Informatics, patrik.fuhrer@unifr.ch dominique.guinard@unifr.ch, http://www.gi-ev.de/service/publikationen/lni/. • Sanjay Chatterjee, Deploying a RFID Solution Practical Case Study and business Plan, June, 2007 • ,