An Engineered Liver Glycogen Phosphorylase with AMP Allosteric Activation*

Jun 21, 2025

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Researchers developed an engineered liver glycogen phosphorylase to enhance allosteric activation by AMP, potentially aiding in glucose metabolism regulation. Study conducted at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco.

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An Engineered Liver Glycogen Phosphorylase with AMP Allosteric Activation*

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An Engineered Liver Glycogen Phosphorylase with AMP Allosteric Activation* Ward S . Coats$, Michelle F. Brownersli, Robert J. Flettericks, and Christopher B. NewgardSIIFrom the $Department of Biochemistry and Center for Diabetes Research, Gifford Laboratories, University of TexasSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235 and the $Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, university ofCalifornia, San Francisco, California 94143-0448

Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism. Purpose: Glycogen is a branched polymer of glucose; it is the stored form of G. The many branches each have a C#4 end at which GP and GS can act for rapid response. Glycogen is stored after a meal for release:

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Factors that affect Protein Activity and Protein Mechanism

Factors that affect Protein Activity and Protein Mechanism. Chapter 6 (Page 212-218, 225-231). 1. Factors that affect Enzyme Activity. Inhibitors Proteolytic activation Protein modifications Subunit cooperativity and modulators pH. 1I. Proteolytic Activation.

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Glycogen Phosphorylase

Carlos Mendoza. Lee Sutton. Glycogen Phosphorylase. Kristen Harris. Glycogen Phosphorylase is an enzyme found in glycogen granules in the cytosol

1.34k views • 24 slides

Glycogen Storage Diseases

Glycogen Storage Diseases. Type I. Name? . VON GIERKE’S DISEASE. Severe fasting hypoglycemia, way increased liver glycogen, increased blood lactate, hepatomegaly Glucose-6-Phosphatase (If you don’t dephosphorylate glucose, cells cant release it!). Symptoms? Enzyme Def?. Type V. Name? .

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The Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression

PEPCK. This is an acronym for an enzymePhosphoEnol Pyruvate CarboxyKinaseThis enzyme is ONLY regulated by gene expression!No allosteric activators, covalent modification etcNo activation by cAMP, inhibition by insulin etc. PEPCK. The enzyme is expressed in liver, kidney, adipose tissue and to a

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Overview: Carbohydrates

Overview: Carbohydrates. Importance of carb storage Muscle & liver How many carbs are right for you? What to eat before, during and after exercise to enhance performance. Glycogen. The way the body stores glucose Limited storage Stored in muscle & liver

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PHOSPHOROLYSIS OF a (1-4)LINKAGES UP TO 4 GLUCOSE RESIDUES FROM AN a (1-6)BRANCH POINT

GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN. PHOSPHORYLASE. (GLUCOSE)n + Pi (GLUCOSE)n-1 + G-1-P. PHOSPHOROLYSIS OF a (1-4)LINKAGES UP TO 4 GLUCOSE RESIDUES FROM AN a (1-6)BRANCH POINT. GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS. HEXOKINASE. GLUCOSE + ATP GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE + ADP. PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE.

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mitochondrion

CARBOHYDRATES. Monosaccharides Found in the cytosol and in organelles Use for energy production and in biosynthesis. Simple polysaccharides Glycogen and starch polymers of glucose Glycogen in granules in cytoplasm in muscle and liver cells. Rough endo . reticulum. ribosome.

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LIVER

LIVER. What is the liver, and what does it do? How a liver become fatty Liver Stones How the Body is affected How alcohol affects the body Life Style. What is the liver, and what does it do ?.

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Liver transplantation

Liver transplantation. Is the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy liver allograft. Used technique is orthotopic transplantation, in which the native liver is removed and replaced by the donor organ in the same anatomic location as the original liver.

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The Ras – MAP kinase pathway

The Ras – MAP kinase pathway. I. The big family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Receptor domain architecture and receptor activation by EGF (TGF a ). unusual mode of allosteric activation, formation of an asymmetric dimer, followed by trans-phosphorylation of the C-tails. II. II.

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Blood Glucose

Anaerobic Glycolysis. Sarcolemma. Glycogen. Phosphorylase. Hexosephosphate Isomerase. (+) insulin. H K. Glucose. Blood Glucose. G-6-P. F-6-P. (-)ATP. PFK. ATP ADP. ATP ADP. F-1,6-P. ATP ADP. Aldolase. G3P DH. (2) 3PG. (2) 1,3 DPG. (2) G-3-P. DHAP. PG Kinase.

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GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN AND SYNTHESIS ARE RECIPROCALLY REGULATED

GLYCOGEN BREAKDOWN AND SYNTHESIS ARE RECIPROCALLY REGULATED. Glycogen phosphorylase muscle liver Allosteric inactive “b” active “a” Regulation AMP: T to R glucose: R to T Covalent epinephrine glucagon (PKA) Regulation through PKA, Ca epinephrine (beta, alpha adr.)

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Allosteric enzymes

Allosteric enzymes. Allosteric enzymes tend to be multi-sub unit proteins The reversible binding of an allosteric modulator (here a positive modulator M) affects the substrate binding site. Kinetics. Models. Cooperation. v o. (+). [S]. (+). v o. (+). [S]. v o. (-). (-). [S].

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GLYCOGEN METABOLISM

GLYCOGEN METABOLISM. Glycogen Structure. Most of the glucose residues in glycogen are linked by a -1,4-glycosidic bonds. Branches at about every tenth residue are created by a -1,6-glycosidic bonds. Glycogen is an important fuel reserve for several reasons.

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Hepatic Glycogenolysis

Hepatic Glycogenolysis. regulated by hypoglycemic signals. phosphorylase b. Contrast: Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Utilization. anaerobic glycolysis. Cori cycle. hepatic gluconeogenesis. Muscle lacks G6 PTPase Glycogen conversion to lactate is not regulated by

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Intracellular distribution of glycogen synthase and glycogen in primary cultured rat hepatocytes

Intracellular distribution of glycogen synthase and glycogen in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Mar GARCIA-ROCHA*, Angela ROCA*, Nuria DE LA IGLESIA*, Otto BABA., Josep M. FERNANDEZ-NOVELL*,Juan C. FERRER* and Joan J. GUINOVART*1.

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Lecture 8 - Glycogen Metabolism

Lecture 8 - Glycogen Metabolism. Chem 454: Regulatory Mechanisms in Biochemistry University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. Introduction. Glycogen A storage form of glucose. Introduction. Glycogen is stored primarily in the liver and skeletal muscles.

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Glycogen

Glycogen. Glycogen. Liver ~ 4 % 72 g Muscle ~ 1 % 245 g Extracellular glucose 0,1 % 10 g Adult - man 70 kg His liver 1,8 kg His muscle mass 35 kg Blood volume 10 l. Glycogen. Muscle: Glucose substrate for muscle glycolysis Liver: Glucose store, Export of hexose Blood sugar

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PRINCIPLES OF METABOLIC REGULATION: GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN

PRINCIPLES OF METABOLIC REGULATION: GLUCOSE AND GLYCOGEN. Lehninger Ch. 15 BIO 322 Recitation 2 / Spring 2013. Glycogen stored - %10 weight of the liver 0.4 M in a hepatocyte if dissolved as glucose – impaired osmotic properties (As glycogen 0.01 μ M) Liver glycogen can be depleted 12-24 hrs

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