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Carnivorous Plants

Carnivorous Plants. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous?. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in

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Carnivorous Plants

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  1. Carnivorous Plants

  2. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous?

  3. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments

  4. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N

  5. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 6 different orders

  6. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 6 different orders > 12 genera

  7. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 6 different orders > 12 genera Evolved 6 times independently

  8. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 6 different orders > 12 genera Evolved 6 times independently Also have >300 paracarnivorous spp

  9. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 6 different orders > 12 genera Evolved 6 times independently Also have >300 paracarnivorous spp Described by Darwin (1875) Insectivorous Plants

  10. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 5 different orders > 12 genera Evolved 6 times independently Also have >300 paracarnivorous spp Described by Darwin (1875) Insectivorous Plants Adaptation to nutrient

  11. Carnivorous Plants Obtain nutrients in poor environments Often N > 600 spp in 5 different orders > 12 genera Evolved 6 times independently Also have >300 paracarnivorous spp Described by Darwin (1875) Insectivorous Plants Adaptation to nutrient\ Only if lots of light & water = bogs

  12. Carnivorous Plants Why be carnivorous? Obtain nutrients in poor environments How to become carnivorous?

  13. Carnivorous Plants How to become carnivorous? 1: catch prey

  14. Carnivorous Plants • How to become carnivorous? • 1: catch prey • mainly insects

  15. Carnivorous Plants • How to become carnivorous? • 1: catch prey • mainly insects • 2: digest prey

  16. Carnivorous Plants • How to become carnivorous? • 1: catch prey • mainly insects • 2: digest prey • 3: absorb nutrients

  17. Carnivorous Plants • How to become carnivorous? • 1: catch prey • mainly insects • 2: digest prey • 3: absorb nutrients • 4: kill competing • Bacteria & fungi

  18. Carnivorous Plants • How to become carnivorous? • 1: catch prey • mainly insects • 2: digest prey • 3: absorb nutrients • 4: kill competing • Bacteria & fungi • How to avoid eating • Pollinators?

  19. Catching Prey 5 basic trapping mechanisms 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf.

  20. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) • trap prey in a rolled leaf. • evolved independently ≥ 4 x

  21. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) • trap prey in a rolled leaf. • evolved independently ≥ 4 x • recently discovered a 2 liter • Pitcher in Phillipines

  22. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) • trap prey in a rolled leaf. • evolved independently ≥ 4 x • recently discovered a 2 liter • Pitcher in Phillipines • Similar spp live in Indonesia • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJCaG4tOaAU&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trWzDlRvv1M&feature=player_embedded#!

  23. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) • trap prey in a rolled leaf. • evolved independently ≥ 4 x • fuse leaves & alter shape to form • cup trapping rain and prey

  24. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (e.g.pitcher plants) • trap prey in a rolled leaf. • evolved independently ≥ 4 x • fuse leaves & alter shape to form • cup trapping rain and prey • rely on bacteria for digestion

  25. Catching Prey • fuse leaves & alter shape to form • cup trapping rain and prey • rely on bacteria for digestion • Others protect opening

  26. Catching Prey • fuse leaves & alter shape to form • cup trapping rain and prey • rely on bacteria for digestion • Others protect opening • Add enzymes to cup solution

  27. Catching Prey • fuse leaves & alter shape to form • cup trapping rain and prey • rely on bacteria for digestion • Others protect opening • Add enzymes to cup solution • Absorb nutrients @ cup surface

  28. Catching Prey 5 basic trapping mechanisms 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants trap prey in a rolled leaf. 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage http://www.flickr.com/photos/12289718@N00/3685555296

  29. Catching Prey 5 basic trapping mechanisms 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage Evolved independently ≥ 5 x

  30. Catching Prey Stalked glands secrete mucilage & enzymes Sessile glands absorb nutrients

  31. Catching Prey Stalked glands secrete mucilage & enzymes Sessile glands absorb nutrients Have flowers on long stalks to avoid trapping pollinators

  32. Catching Prey 5 basic trapping mechanisms 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia, but 214 spp

  33. Catching Prey • 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. • 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage • 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia • bladders sealed w hinged doors expel ions

  34. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. • 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage • 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia • bladders sealed w hinged doors expel water • Osmosis creates vacuum

  35. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. • 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage • 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia • bladders sealed w hinged doors expel water • Osmosis creates vacuum • Trigger hairs @ door release vacuum when touched

  36. Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia • bladders sealed w hinged doors expel water • Osmosis creates vacuum • Trigger hairs @ door release vac when touched • Sucks prey into digestive bladder

  37. Bladder traps vacuum in prey: only Utricularia • bladders sealed w hinged doors expel water • Osmosis creates vacuum • Trigger hairs @ door release vac when touched • Sucks prey into digestive bladder • Flowers on long stalks

  38. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. • 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage • 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey • 4: Lobster-pot traps trap prey • chamber is easy to enter, hard to exit

  39. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 4: Lobster-pot traps trap prey • chamber is easy to enter, hard to exit • inward-pointing hairs • prevent escape

  40. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • 1: Pitfall traps (pitcher plants) trap prey in a rolled leaf. • 2:Flypaper traps (sundews) use a sticky mucilage • 3: Bladder traps vacuum in prey • 4: Lobster-pot traps trap prey • 5: Snap traps use rapid leaf • Movements • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIGVtKdgwo&feature=channel

  41. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Snap traps use rapid leaf Movements • two stimuli are required, 0.5 to 30 seconds apart

  42. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Snap traps use rapid leaf Movements • two stimuli are required, 0.5 to 30 seconds apart • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells

  43. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Snap traps use rapid leaf Movements • two stimuli are required, 0.5 to 30 seconds apart • Touched trigger hair cells • open channels, generating • an action potential that • propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping • out ions, resulting in rapid • growth

  44. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping • out ions, resulting in rapid • growth • Open lobes are convex, • Closed are concave

  45. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping • out ions, resulting in rapid • growth • Open lobes are convex, • Closed are concave • AP triggers switch

  46. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping out ions, resulting in rapid • growth • Open lobes are convex, Closed are concave • AP triggers switch • Seal to form stomach, fill w enzymes that digest prey • (& leaf) w/in 1-2 weeks

  47. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping out ions, resulting in rapid • growth • Open lobes are convex, Closed are concave • AP triggers switch • Seal to form stomach, fill w enzymes that digest prey • (& leaf) w/in 1-2 weeks • Also digest leaf, resorb • both

  48. 5 basic trapping mechanisms • Touched trigger hair cells open channels, generating an action potential that propagates to midrib cells • These respond by pumping out ions, resulting in rapid • growth • Open lobes are convex, Closed are • concave • AP triggers switch • Seal to form stomach, • fill w enzymes that digest prey • (& leaf) w/in 1-2 weeks • Also digest leaf, resorb • Both • Flowers on long stalk

  49. Evolution • Pitchers fuse leaves, then • pump enzymes into pitcher

  50. Evolution • Pitchers fuse leaves, then • pump enzymes into pitcher • Resorb nutrients across pitcher • surface

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