1 / 50

HIV/AIDS & MDG Micronesia Region & MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing

HIV/AIDS & MDG Micronesia Region & MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing. Kazuyuki Uji HIV/AIDS Practice Team UNDP Regional Centre in Colombo. Outline. What is HIV / AIDS? Linkage between HIV and MDGs Overview of the epidemic in the North Pacific

lyle
Download Presentation

HIV/AIDS & MDG Micronesia Region & MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HIV/AIDS & MDGMicronesia Region&MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing Kazuyuki Uji HIV/AIDS Practice Team UNDP Regional Centre in Colombo

  2. Outline • What is HIV / AIDS? • Linkage between HIV and MDGs • Overview of the epidemic in the North Pacific • Overview of the MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing model

  3. What is HIV? • HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • The virus that causes AIDS • Transmitted by: • (1) blood and blood products • (2) genital fluids (semen and virginal fluid) and • (3) breast milk

  4. What is AIDS? • AIDS • Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome • Not a disease • The physical state in which the body’s immune system becomes too weak to defend against a range of diseases (opportunistic infections)

  5. AIDS DISEASES How does HIV cause AIDS? HIV White Blood Cells (CD4) [coordinate body’s defence system against diseases]

  6. HIV and MDGs “Halting the spread of HIV is not only an MDG in itself, it is a pre-requisite for reachingmost of the others. ” - Kofi Annan

  7. Estimated number of people impoverished by HIV/AIDS in Cambodia, India, Thailand, and Viet Nam (5.6 mil / year) MDG 1:HIV/AIDS drives people deeper into poverty million 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Source: ADB (2004) “Asia Pacific’s Opportunity: Investing to Avert an HIV/AIDS Crisis”

  8. 17.5 7.3 MDG 1:Large economic loss in Asia Pacific due to HIV/AIDS US billion 18 16 Annual losses 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2001 2010 Source: ADB (2004) “Asia Pacific’s Opportunity: Investing to Avert an HIV/AIDS Crisis”

  9. MDG1: HIV could put enormous financial burdens on government PNG Source: ADB

  10. MDG 1:Already high health cost in the North Pacific could increase due to HIV/AIDS Total health expenditure as % GDP (2004) Source: WHO

  11. MDG2: HIV impacts both children and teachers

  12. Women (34,000) Men (23,000) MDG 3: HIV disempowers women 40000 35000 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Number of people living with HIV in PNG Source: UNAIDS

  13. MDG 3: Particularly girls and young women are vulnerable Distribution of HIV cases by sex and age in PNG Source: PNG NACS &DoH (2004)

  14. MDG4: HIV worsens under-five child mortality Source: Lancet (2002)

  15. MDG 5: HIV worsens maternal mortality Maternal deaths Source: Khan M et al. (2001)

  16. MDG6: HIV increases TB incidence 160 35 TB 140 30 HIV-national 120 25 HIV-Kampala 100 20 (%) HIV prevalence adults TB incidence/100,000 80 Uganda 15 60 10 40 5 20 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Source: WHO (2002)

  17. HIV and MDGs “Halting the spread of HIV is not only an MDG in itself, it is a pre-requisite for reachingmost of the others. ” - Kofi Annan

  18. HIV/AIDS in the Pacific

  19. HIV in the Pacific (1):Low number except for PNG HIV Cases Source: SPC (2004)

  20. Micronesia HIV in the Pacific (2):But the impact is visible Cumulative HIV cases per 100,000 people Source: SPC (2004)

  21. HIV in the Micronesia Region • Still low prevalence • But presence of vulnerability factors

  22. Foreign migrant workers as % of total population 20% 30% Naura Palau Factor 1: High Mobility • Outward migration to Guam • Large number of seafarers • Large inflow mobility Sources: UNAIDS/ UNFPA/ Palau census (2000)

  23. 33% 33% 32% 21% 15% 9% 4% 2% Mobile men can be vulnerable to HIV Percentage of non-mobile/mobile men paying for sex in the past 12 months 0 China Cambodia Indonesia Viet Nam FHI, 2006

  24. 58.8% of Kiribati population = Ages 0-24 Factor 2: Young population Source: US Census Bureau

  25. Factor 3: Low contraceptive use Contraceptive prevalence rate (modern methods) % (2000) Source: UNFPA

  26. Factor 4: High prevalence of sexually-transmitted infections (STI) Prevalence of Chlamydia among antenatal women Source: WHO (2001)

  27. Other factors: • Strong stigma and discrimination • Geographical difficulty in accessing services

  28. 4.5 years Low to high prevalence doesn’t take too long HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Thailand Source: Science magazine (2003)

  29. Costing of Responses for MDG 6

  30. The MDG-consistent HIV/AIDS Costing Model (MHM): An Overview Resource Needs Model (Futures Group) Cape Town Model (U of Cape Town) (ARV treatment) UNDP RCC, MDG-S(UNMP), UNAIDS Improvements New functions New interventions MDG-consistent HIV/AIDS Costing Model (part of integrated health model or independent)

  31. What does the model do? Designed to calculate the total cost of HIV/AIDS responses NOT designed to: • Assess the impact of a response on the future course of the epidemic • Assist in priority-setting

  32. MDG-consistent HIV Costing Model (MHM): Key characteristics Compared with existing HIV costing models, MHM is: • Simpler and more transparent • More flexible • Equipped with a greater scope of interventions • Consistent with the MDG timeframe and target-based approach • Compatible with UNAIDS targets for 2010 universal access • More user-friendly interface

  33.   

  34. 2. Unfold all 1.Fold all    

  35. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT

  36. PREVENTION

  37. Proxy 1: 2.6 customers per sex worker per day (= 2.6*5 days * 51 wks = 663 commercial sex acts per year) (Study of sex workers in Kolkatta, India) Proxy 2: XYZ..

  38. TREATMENT

  39. CARE & SUPPORT

  40. COST SUMMARY

  41. COST SUMMARY

  42. Thank you.

  43. PICs with highest cumulative HIV incidence per 100,000 Return Source: ADB (2005)

  44. Seafarers and their spouses are vulnerable to HIV Spouses of seafarers (13%) 63% Seafarers (50%) Return Source: ADB (2005)

  45. WTO Status in Micronesia

More Related