線上目錄 : 使用者與圖書館員需要什麼 ?

1. 線上目錄: 使用者與圖書館員需要什麼? Taipei, October 29, 2009 蔡淑恩 亞太服務部主任 OCLC http://www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm

2. 線上目錄: 使用者與圖書館員需要什麼? End-Users expect online catalogs: to look like popular Web sites to have summaries, abstracts, tables of contents to help find needed information Librarians expect online catalogs: to serve end users’ information needs to help staff carry out work responsibilities to have accurate, structured data to exhibit classical principles of organization http://www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm

3. Where does an end user’s definition of “quality” come from? 使用者對品質的定義從何而來? “Users bring expectations developed through Internet use into library environments.” — Alison Dellit and Tony Boston, National Library of Australia “Due to the popularity of web search engines ... users think they can find everything on a topic with a few well-chosen words.” —Roy Tennant “More and more, users want, expect, and pursue full text.” — Norm Medeiros

4. What factors influence an end user’s definition of “catalog quality” today? 當前是哪些因素影響使用者對目錄品質的定義? “Dewey arranged books by subject, but Amazon tries to find every way we might want to get from the A of a book we know to the B, C, and Z of books we don’t know, including the fact that lots of other people bought Z.” --David Weinberger, Everything is Miscellaneous, p. 62.

5. The Task Before Us 我們當前的要務 “What is needed now is to integrate the best of both worlds in new, expanded definitions of what “quality” means in library online catalogs.” —Online Catalogs report How can what technical services doesbetter reflect what end users want?

6. Objectives of our metadata quality research此研究報告的目的 • Start over without assumptions about what “quality” is • Identify and compare metadata expectations • End users • Librarians • Compare expectations of types of librarians • Define a new WorldCat quality program … • Taking into account the perspectives of all constituencies of WorldCat • End users (and subgroups of end users) • Librarians (and subgroups of librarians)

7. Research methodologies and demographics研究方法與對象 • Focus groups • Conducted by Blue Bear, LLC • Three sessions: College students, general public, scholars • Pop-up survey on WorldCat.org • Conducted by ForeSee Results • 11,000+ responses: Students (28%), educators (22%), business professionals (19%), other; mix of ages; 44% from outside U.S. • Librarian survey • Conducted by Marketing Backup • 1,397 responses; North America (64%) and outside North America (36%); academic, public, special libraries; staff with roles in technical and public services, ILL, directors

8. What did we learn?End-user focus group results • Key observations: • Delivery is as important, if not more important, than discovery. • Seamless, easy flow from discovery through delivery is critical. • Summaries and tables of contents are key elements of a description • Improved search relevance is necessary.

9. What did we learn?End-user focus group results

10. What did we learn?End-user focus group results • Other key findings: • Keyword searching is king, but … • Advanced search (fielded searching) is useful • Faceted browse is useful • These help end users refine searches, navigate, browse, and manage large result sets • NEVERTHELESS • “End users enter a few short search statements into online IR systems. Generally, their queries bear two to four words.”—Karen Markey. • Twenty-five years of end user searching, Part 1: Research findings. 2007. http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/56093

11. What did we learn?Pop-up survey suggestions Changes to help identify an item? End users (n=7535)

12. End-user recommendations使用者的推薦與建議 • Improve search relevance 提升檢索的相關性 • Add more links to online full text (and make linking easy) • 增加線上全文的連結鏈接度 • Add more summaries/abstracts: Make summaries more prominent 增加文摘,摘要與其能見度 • Add more details in the search results (e.g., cover art and summaries) 增加檢索結果的詳細度

13. Librarian/staff survey results Recommended enhancements to WorldCatTotal librarian responses

14. Librarian/Staff Results: Highlighted Differences End-User Results: Recommended Enhancements 14 Recommended enhancements to WorldCatTotal end-user responses 1 4

15. What did we learn?Librarians’ Perceptions of What End-Users Want從圖書館員的角度看讀者需求 Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

16. What did we learn?Librarians’ Perceptions of What End-Users Want (2) Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

17. Recommendations from librarian survey 圖書館員的推薦與建議 • Merge duplicates 合併重複的書目記錄 • Make it easier to make corrections to records (fix typos; do upgrades); “social cataloging” experiment—Wikipedia • 增強書目信息的正確性 • More emphasis on accuracy/currency of library holdings • 強調館藏信息的精準度與更新度 • Enrichment—TOCs, summaries, cover art—work with content suppliers, use APIs, etc.多方提升豐富書目內容 • More communication about what users say they want • 加強與讀者的溝通度 – 了解使用者需要什麼

18. What Does It Mean For Aligning What My Library Does with What Users Want? By: David Wulffhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dwulff/5357629/

19. Two Starting Points 兩個起跑點 • Paying attention to what’s important about records重視書目信息的重要性 • Aligning technical services priorities with end user priorities • 調整館員與使用者對信息需求的優先次序 • E-resources, books, media, unique digital collections, special collection • Redesigning workflows重新設計 workflows

20. “Evidence-Based Cataloging” “[Catalogers] need to practice evidence-based cataloging. They need to catalog based on the evidence that they can find for the effectiveness of particular practices, and they need to judge their output according to this evidence.” • Assess quality on external measures rather than subjective expert opinion • Acknowledge other functions of records besides ‘find’ (FRBR tasks find, identify, select, obtain) • HIlder and Tan research: construct a measure of record quality from empirical research into catalog use • July-October 2007 • National Library Board (Singapore) and State Library of Victoria (Australia) Hilder, Philip and Tan, Kah-Ching. 2008. Constructing Record QualityMeasures Based on Catalog Use. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 46:4.

21. Based on the Online Catalogs Study, What’s Important About Records? • Delivery information – item availability and links to content • Basic bibliographic information • Evaluative content like summaries • Fielded indexing (to support advanced search) • Faceted browse (based on controlled forms names, topics, tags, etc.) • Social features (for some audiences)

22. Realign our efforts to match How collections are changing How users are changing How the Web is changing Start Small, But Start Highway By: SFAnttihttp://flickr.com/photos/sfantti/274905309/

23. Over to you