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North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 149-171)

North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 149-171). DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS. ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL ENGLISH LANGUAGE CHRISTIAN FAITHS EUROPEAN NORMS GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS HIGHLY URBANIZED MOBILE POPULATIONS HIGH INCOMES MANUFACTURING OUTPUT FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES.

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North America - I (CHAPTER 3: 149-171)

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  1. North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 149-171)

  2. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS • ANGLO-AMERICAN LABEL • ENGLISH LANGUAGE • CHRISTIAN FAITHS • EUROPEAN NORMS • GOVERNMENT, ARCHITECTURE, DIET, ARTS • HIGHLY URBANIZED • MOBILE POPULATIONS • HIGH INCOMES • MANUFACTURING OUTPUT • FEDERAL STATES WITH PLURAL SOCIETIES

  3. PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS

  4. CULTURAL DIFFUSION - CIRCA 1820 New England Mid-Atlantic Pennsylvania Tidewater Maryland/ Virginia Frontier Zones by 1810 Hearth Areas (Pre-1725) Secondary Areas (1740-1775) Tertiary Areas (1780-1820)

  5. SHIFT IN THE US MEAN CENTER OF POPULATION:EVIDENCE OF MIGRATION DECISIONS 1754 1860 1920 1990 1820 1790 1980

  6. THE IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE: 1820-1980 South/East Europe 10000 Germany Scandinavia 8000 Latin America Asia British Isles 6000 Immigration in 1000s 4000 2000 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 Push FactorsPull Factors +1840s: Irish Potato Famine +Economic Opportunity +1850-1920: Overpopulation, War +Political/Religious Freedom +Recent: Overpopulation, War, Oppression +Land Availability

  7. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

  8. ETHNIC PATTERNS

  9. URBAN GEOGRAPHY • CONCERNED WITH THE SPATIAL ASPECTS OF CITIES AND URBAN NETWORKS • 4 MAJOR THEMES • HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF CITIES • INTERURBAN GEOGRAPHY • INTRAURBAN GEOGRAPHY • URBAN SOCIAL GEOGRAPHY • PLANNING AND POLICY-MAKING • 3 KEY MODELS • BORCHERT; ADAMS; VANCE

  10. BORCHERT’S MODEL(METROPOLITAN EVOLUTION) • GENERALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL GROWTH OF THE US URBAN SYSTEM • BASED ON KEY CHANGES IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY • OCCURRED IN 5 STAGES • Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830) • Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870) • Steel-Rail Epoch (1870-1920) • Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-1970) • Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch (1970-?)

  11. ADAM’S MODEL • FOCUSED ON INTRAURBAN GROWTH • BASED ON BREAKTHROUGHS IN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY • A PATTERN OF OUTWARD-AREAL EXPANSION • OCCURRED IN 4 STAGES • <1888- WALKING-HORSECAR ERA • 1888-1920- ELECTRIC STREETCAR ERA • 1920-1945- RECREATIONAL AUTO ERA • 1945-PRESENT- FREEWAY ERA

  12. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways Expressways 1

  13. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways Expressways 1

  14. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways 2 Expressways 1 1880

  15. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways 2 Expressways 1 1880

  16. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways 3 3 2 Expressways 1 1880 1920

  17. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads Arterial Highways 3 3 2 Expressways 1 1880 1920

  18. ADAM’S MODEL(STAGES OF INTRAURBAN GROWTH) Electric Streetcars, commuter railroads 4 Arterial Highways 3 2 Expressways 1 1880 1920 1940 1990s

  19. URBAN SPATIAL CHANGESMICROSCALE (Intraurban) • James Vance defines a new tributary area;URBAN REALMS • Single urban structure of the past is transformed into a multicentered model in which several outlying activity concentrations rival the Central Business District (CBD)

  20. IDEAL FORM OF MULTICENTERED URBAN REALMS MODEL

  21. SPATIALECONOMY(COMPONENTS) • ACTIVITIES OR SECTORS • Primary (Raw Materials) • Secondary (Manufacturing) • Tertiary (Services) • Quaternary (Information) • Quinary (Management)

  22. Agriculture in the US A Macro Von Thünen Model

  23. INDUSTRIAL LOCATION FACTORS Remember… Alfred Weber? • Location of raw materials • Labor availability • Energy availability • Location of market • Transportation • Relative importance of factors change • INDIVIDUAL SECTORS • NATURE OF THE ECONOMY

  24. NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURING BELT

  25. North America - I(CHAPTER 3: 149-171)

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