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Religious Life before the Renaissance

Religious Life before the Renaissance. Layers. Papacy University Religious orders Laity, parish life. Papacy. Reforms of Greg VII, 1070s-1080s Simony, nepotism, “priests’ wives”, lay investiture Huge growth in Vatican centralized offices Growth in power, 400s to 1300s

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Religious Life before the Renaissance

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  1. Religious Life before the Renaissance

  2. Layers • Papacy • University • Religious orders • Laity, parish life

  3. Papacy • Reforms of Greg VII, 1070s-1080s • Simony, nepotism, “priests’ wives”, lay investiture • Huge growth in Vatican centralized offices • Growth in power, 400s to 1300s • Apex: Innocent III (r. 1198-1216), Boniface VIII (1302) • Mutual fight with political powers • Avignon, 1309-1977 • Great Schism, 1378-1417 • Renaissance popes • Alexander VI • Julius II • Leo X

  4. University • Houses of religious orders • Very different education than parish priests got • Scholastic theology • Located at “schools” • Revolutionized by re-discovery of Aristotle, use of philosophy • Focused on debate, questions, speculation • Apex: Thomas Aquinas (1226-1274) • Late medieval theology: increasingly arcane

  5. Religious Orders • Flourished in Middle Ages • New forms of life: mendicants, third orders, confraternities, beguines • Often revitalized spirituality • Opportunities for women • Monasteries had up to 1/3 of land • Rich and poor members • “surplus” children given early in life • Also easily corrupted (“get thee to a nunnery”)

  6. Laity • Mass and the eucharist • Usually not received (1x/yr) • But looked at • Latin “hocus pocus”: Hoc est corpus meum • Works of piety • Rogation days, feasts and fasts • Pilgrimage • Relics • Indulgences

  7. Reformers before 1517 • Pope Gregory VII • Council of Florence (1414-1418) • John Wycliffe (d. 1384) • Jan Hus (d. 1415) • Girolamo Savanarola (d. 1498)

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