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The Fight for Independence: Africa's Journey Towards Unity and Freedom

This study guide explores Chapter 5 of "Academic World Cultures," focusing on Africa's struggle for independence. It highlights Pan-Africanism, a movement aimed at unifying the continent and ending colonial rule, symbolized by the Pan-African colors of red, green, and yellow/black. The chapter discusses the impact of World War II and the Cold War on decolonization, as weakened European powers could no longer maintain control, and their competition allowed African nations to gain independence. By the 1950s, only four nations were independent, but the subsequent decades witnessed a wave of liberation movements.

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The Fight for Independence: Africa's Journey Towards Unity and Freedom

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  1. Consider: NNIGN – Turn in your Ch 5 Study Guide

  2. Chapter 5 Academic World Cultures The Nations of Africa Gain Independence

  3. Building Unity • Pan-Africanism – movement to end colonialism and unify all of Africa • Symbolized by Pan-African colors – • Red, Green and Yellow AND/OR Red, Green and Black • Many African flags were inspired by two flag designs: • The Ethiopian Flag – Africa’s earliest modern independent nation • Marcus Garvey’s flag (leader of UNIA or “Back to Africa” movement)

  4. The Ethiopian Flag

  5. UNIA Flag

  6. Achieving Independence From Colonial Rule • World War II and Cold War both helped African nations gain their independence • World War II • European nations are exhausted from the war • In their weakened condition, they realize they cannot hold on to their colonies • Cold War – US vs. USSR • Competition between these two nations helps African nations gain independence • USSR aided some African nations in return for their alliance • US speaks out against colonialism in all its forms

  7. The Times Are Changing… ***In 1950, only 4 African nations were independent: • Liberia, Ethiopia, Egypt and SouthAfrica ***During the 50’s and 60’s, African calls for freedom lead to the independence of many nations. **Several different methods were used to achieve independence.

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