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Situation 1500-1600

Situation 1500-1600. Europe Divine Right of Kings State given rights No right of dissent, or free speech Religion modified and enforced by state to reinforce state Roman Catholicism manipulated, manipulates. Asia Many kingdoms in flux Protection by geography No rights of free speech

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Situation 1500-1600

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  1. Situation 1500-1600 • Europe • Divine Right of Kings • State given rights • No right of dissent, or free speech • Religion modified and enforced by state to reinforce state • Roman Catholicism manipulated, manipulates

  2. Asia • Many kingdoms in flux • Protection by geography • No rights of free speech • Divine right of kings • Ideals of behavior- Confucius • Ideals of mind- Taoism • authoritarianism

  3. Across geography and space • How does one experience the divine? • Is there a divine? • Mind alone, or how to use physical to touch/experience divine- how to quiet the mind • Rights by divine through state, or rights by divine directly to individuals • Authoritarian elites respond harshly to any challenge to authority, especially if religiously driven

  4. West: science as way to touch divine, know world, support individual rights • East: Confucius argues for a scientific way of observation • Taoism argues for looking into oneself • Sufis argue for looking into oneself • All seen as challenges to authority

  5. Sun Tzu • Taoism and military • Sees military power as unified • Controls most guerillas today • Asymmetrical • infiltration

  6. Locke • Enlightenment • Philosophical movement 15-1680 in Europe; concepts will reach outside of Europe in the 1700s • Concepts that put self-determination in the center of government; experience in the center of destiny • Basis for modern democracy today • Human as a rational actor

  7. Locke • Empiricism • Frustration with overly abstract though (Descartes- I think therefore I am) • Knowledge based on data from sensory exploration • Observation as key • Dual process • Sensation • Reflection • Babies as blank slates • People as product of environment

  8. Locke • Individual as key • Natural rights, limited government, right of dissent and rebellion • Human Rights • small Government

  9. Essay Concerning Human Understanding • Knowledge is not innate • Idea is the object of thinking • All ideas come from sensation or reflection • Not born with ideas • Experience as shaper of ideas • Sensation as one source • Operation of minds as another source

  10. Soul begins when it begins to perceive • Babies as tabla rasa • Experience gives more ways to think – “mind thinks in proportion to the matter it gets from experience to think about • Observe from simple to complex

  11. Mill • Utilitarianism: do things give pleasure or utility? Use data to find out how to maximize one, the other, or both • Personal responsibility • Tyranny of Majority • Rights balancing

  12. Minimal interference with rights by government • Gross anti-social behavior • Threat to others • Inalienable and Natural Rights • Libertarianism – small government • Female equality • Championed rights of women and young to be free from physical abuse • Women’s right to vote • Compared women’s second rate citizenship to slavery

  13. Descartes • 1596-1650 • Faithful Catholic, but knew Church was wrong on resistance to the new scientific discoveries • If Church did not adapt, would die • Galileo case as chilling • Radical revisionist look at knowledge • Doubt everything- Skepticism

  14. What if there isn’t an all-loving God • I think, therefore I am “Cogito, ergo sum” • Attempted to prove the existence of God through logic

  15. Two elements compose reality or substances • Thinking • Innate • Morality • Mathmatics • Logic • God • Adventitious • Fictious • Rationalist • Plato as influence

  16. Clausewitz • 12 rules of war • War is diplomacy by another means • Force to compel enemy to do our will • Friction • Chaos • Local command • Precursor to combined arms

  17. 10 Philosophes • French Illuminati • Rousseau: Belief in God, belief in Man • Deism

  18. Wollencraft • Headmistress • Education/socialization to inferiority • Strength not as key • Religion not as key • Equal rights as moral • utilitarianism

  19. Wang Yang Ming

  20. Machiavelli

  21. Taoism

  22. Confucianism

  23. Sundiata- Leadership

  24. Shaka Zulu • Ascetism • Anti-female

  25. Sufism • Challenge to orthodoxy • Islamic Protestantism- a protest against the local customs, rituals, and other stuff that became added to Islam as sharia • Like Charismatic Christians- feeling and using the physical to touch the spiritual • Poet: dancing and poetry to “touch Allah”

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