Plant Overview and Reproduction

1. Plant Overview and Reproduction Pre-AP Biology Mrs. Scott

2. What Is a Plant? • Members of the kingdom Plantae • Plants are multicellular eukaryotes • Plants have cell walls made of cellulose. • Plants develop from multicellular embryos and carry out photosynthesis using the green pigments chlorophyll a and b

3. Overview of the Plant Kingdom • Botanists divide the plant kingdom into four groups based on three important features: • Water conducting tissues • Seeds • Flowers

6. The Plant Life Cycle • Characterized by alternation of generations: the two generations are the haploid (N) gametophyte, or gamete-producing plant, and the diploid (2N) sporophyte, or spore-producing plant.

8. Monocots and Dicots • Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo. Monocots have one seed leaf, and dicots have two seed leafs

10. Ultraviolet Flowers

23. http://www.naturfotograf.com/UV_flowers_list.html

24. Reproduction of Seed Plants Chapters 24

25. Life Cycle of Gymnosperms • Reproduction in gymnosperms takes place in cones • Male cones produce – pollen grains • Female cones produce – ovules

28. Flowers and Fruits • Angiosperms have unique reproductive organs known as flowers. Q: Why are flowers evolutionary adaptations? A: they attract animals that pollinate them

30. Structure of Flowers • Flowers are reproductive organs that are composed of 4 kinds of specialized leaves

32. Sepals • Enclose the bud before it opens, leaf-like

33. Petals • Brightly colored, attract insects to flower

34. Stamen • Male reproductive structure of flower, made of 2 parts • Filament – long, thin, stalk that supports the anther • Anther – makes pollen grains Anther Filament Anther + Filament = Stamen

37. Pistil • Female reproductive structure, made of 3 parts

38. Stigma • where pollen grains land, sticky

39. Style • Connects stigma to ovary Style

40. Ovary • swollen base of the pistil where ovules are formed

42. Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds • After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.

43. Fruit • Ripened ovary, thick wall of tissue that surrounds the seed

45. Pollen • Pollen Grain • Contains the male gamete

46. Pollination • The transfer of pollen from the male gametophyte to the female gametophyte

47. Seeds • An embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply

48. Embryo • Early development stage of a sporophyte plant • The seed’s food supply provides nutrients to the embryo as it grows

49. Seed Coat • Surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out • Can be specialized for dispersal