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The Vietnam War 1954 - 1975

The Vietnam War 1954 - 1975. Mr. Brink United States History 20.1. Southeast Asia. Background to the War. France controlled “Indochina” since the late 19 th century Japan took control during World War II With U.S. aid, France attempted re-colonization in the postwar period.

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The Vietnam War 1954 - 1975

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  1. The Vietnam War 1954 - 1975 Mr. Brink United States History 20.1

  2. Southeast Asia

  3. Background to the War • France controlled “Indochina” since the late 19th century • Japan took control during World War II • With U.S. aid, France attempted re-colonization in the postwar period

  4. The Pleas of Ho Chi Minh • Rebuked by Wilson after WWI • Rebuked by US after WWII • French serve as “bulwark against communism”

  5. The Domino Theory

  6. Background to the War • The French lost control to Ho Chi Minh’s Viet Minhforces in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu • President Eisenhower declined to intervene on behalf of France.

  7. Background to the War • International Conference at Geneva • Vietnam was divided at 17th parallel • Ho Chi Minh’s nationalist forces controlled the North • Ngo Dinh Diem, a French-educated, Roman Catholic claimed control of the South

  8. Ngo Dinh Diem • Corrupt US-Backed Dictator of South Vietnam • Persecutes Buddhist majority • Ho has support of peasants, so Ngo blocks election • Causes civil war in 1955

  9. Background to the War • A date was set for democratic elections to reunify Vietnam • Diem backed out of the elections, leading to military conflict between North and South(US Doesn’t Want Them)

  10. Civil War • North Vietnamese Army (NVA or Vietminh) • VietCong (VC) – guerrilla groups in South Vietnam

  11. U.S. Military Involvement Begins • Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem • Diem’s family holds all power • Wealth is hoarded by the elite • Buddhist majority persecuted • Torture, lack of political freedom prevail • The U.S. aided Diem’s government • Ike sent financial and military aid • 900 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960.

  12. U.S. Military Involvement Begins • Kennedy elected 1960 • Increases military “advisors” to 16,000 • 1963: JFK supports a Vietnamese military coup d’etat – Diem and his brother are murdered (Nov. 2) • Kennedy was assassinated just weeks later (Nov. 22)

  13. Early Protests of Diem’s Government Self-Emolation by a Buddhist Monk

  14. Johnson Sends Ground Forces • Remembers Truman’s “loss” of China Domino Theory revived I’m not going to be the president who saw Southeast Asia go the way China went.

  15. Johnson Sends Ground Forces • Advised to rout the communists by Secretary of State, Robert S. McNamara • Tonkin Gulf Incident  1964(acc. to Johnson, the attacks were unprovoked) • Tonkin Gulf Resolution • “The Blank Check” *

  16. U.S. Troop Deployments in Vietnam

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