1 / 20

DNA: genes on chromosomes

DNA: genes on chromosomes. DNA is composed of nucleotides. A Nucleotide has: - Deoxyribose Sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogen Base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine A - T and G - C. DNA is a helix molecule. Hydrogen bonds are in between the bases. Note the nucleotidespairing.

lrosario
Download Presentation

DNA: genes on chromosomes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. DNA: genes on chromosomes

  2. DNA is composed of nucleotides A Nucleotide has: - Deoxyribose Sugar - Phosphate - Nitrogen Base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine A - T and G - C

  3. DNA is a helix molecule Hydrogen bonds are in between the bases. Note the nucleotidespairing.

  4. DNA self replicates before cell division

  5. 5’ 3’ The DNA strand opens and will add nucleotides. A to T and G to C. C A G T One strand grows continuously, the other grows discontinuously. Enzymes join the strands. 3’ 5’

  6. DNA produces proteins in two steps Transcription: mRNA production Translation: protein production

  7. Transcription is when the mRNA produced. mRNA from DNA as expected…….. GGG CCC TTT AAA CCC GGG AAA UUU The bases of the DNA are matched up with the RNA bases A-U, T-A, G-C, C-G AAA TTT GGG CCC GGG CCC TAA UUU AAACCC GGG CCC GGG AUU

  8. Synthesis starts at the beginning of a gene

  9. Transcription moves in a 5’ to 3’ direction

  10. Transcription finishes as mRNA is released

  11. The DNA triplets help code for amino acids during translation because DNA is in control of the triplets of mRNA (the codon). The anti-codon of the tRNA matches this codon on the ribosome and brings with it an amino acid. UUU AAACCC GGG CCC GGG AUU GGG | Pro CCC | Gly AAA | Phe UUU | Lys GGG | Pro CCC | Gly UAA | Ile Bonds form between amino acids

  12. When the chain is complete, a new protein has been formed. Video of Protein Synthesis.

  13. On the ribosome mRNA codons match tRNA anticodons linking amino acids

  14. Transcription: Production of mRNA by DNA in nucleus. Base pairs match up A to U and G to C (RNA has no Thymine). Steps to Protein Synthesis • Translation: In the cytoplasm, on the ribosome, the mRNA codon matches tRNA anticodon to bring the proper amino acid in for bonding. Once the whole mRNA is read by the ribosome, the stop codon ends the production of the peptide chain; the protein is complete!

  15. How is RNA different than DNA? • Ribose Sugar • Uracil for Thymine • Single strand • not self replicating • found all over the cell

  16. Nucleolus - Site of ribosome production • Nucleus - location of DNA, cell organizer • Chromosomes - coiled chromatin • Chromatin - DNA and proteins not coiled • DNA - helix shaped molecule with base sequences that make up the genetic code • RNA - made by DNA, assists DNA to make proteins as a messenger (mRNA), transfer molecule (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

  17. END!

More Related