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Integumentary System

Integumentary System. CHAPTER 5. Integumentary System. Skin Integument or cutaneous membrane Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer Accessory structures Hair Nails Glands. Layers and Structures of the Skin. Skin Lesions. Abrasion

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Integumentary System

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  1. Integumentary System CHAPTER 5

  2. Integumentary System • Skin • Integument or cutaneous membrane • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous layer • Accessory structures • Hair • Nails • Glands

  3. Layers and Structures of the Skin

  4. Skin Lesions • Abrasion • Scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area • Example: carpet burn • Abscess • Localized collection of pus in any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria • Example: pustule = small abscess

  5. Skin Lesions • Bedsore • Ulcer in skin over a bony prominence • Also known as pressure ulcer • Example: decubitus ulcer • Blister • Small, thin-walled lesion containing clear fluid • Also known as a vesicle

  6. Skin Lesions • Bulla • Large blister • Carbuncle • Circumscribed inflammation of skin and deeper tissues; contains pus • Comedo • Typical lesion of acne vulgaris • Example: whitehead = closed comedo • Example: blackhead = open comedo

  7. Skin Lesions • Cyst • Closed sac or pouch in or within the skin; contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material • Example: hydrocele = fluid-filled cyst • Example: sebaceous cyst = solid-filled cyst

  8. Skin Lesions • Fissure • Cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane • Example: anal fissure • Fistula • Abnormal passageway between two tubular organs; or from an organ to the body surface • Example: recto-vaginal fistula

  9. Skin Lesions • Hives • Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions on skin; paler in center than surrounding edges • Also called wheals • Example: mosquito bite • Laceration • Tear in skin; torn, jagged wound

  10. Skin Lesions • Macule • Small flat, discoloration of the skin; neither raised nor depressed • Example: bruises, freckles • Nodule • Small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin

  11. Skin Lesions • Papule • Small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin • Example: pimple, wart, elevated mole • Polyp • Small, stalklike growth, protruding upward or outward from membrane surface • Example: nasal polyp

  12. Skin Lesions • Pustule • Small elevation of skin filled with pus • Example: small abscess on the skin • Scales • Thin flakes of hardened epithelium that are shed from the epidermis • Ulcer • Circumscribed, open sore or lesion of skin, accompanied by inflammation • Example: decubitus ulcer

  13. Skin Lesions • Vesicle • Small, thin-walled, lesion containing clear fluid • Example: blister • Wheal • Circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin • Paler in center than surrounding edges • Example: hives

  14. PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Integumentary System

  15. Acne Vulgaris • Pronounced • (ACK-nee-vul-GAY-ris) • Defined • Common inflammatory disorder seen on face, chest, back, and neck • Appears as papules, pustules, and comedos

  16. Albinism • Pronounced • (AL-bin-izm) • Defined • Condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

  17. Burns • Defined • Tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases • Extent of damage determined by: • Mode and duration of exposure • Thermal intensity or temperature • Anatomic site of the burn

  18. Burns • First-degree or superficial burns • Example: sunburn • Second-degree or partial-thickness burns • Example: flash contact with hot objects • Third-degree or full-thickness burns • Example: deep burns from a fire

  19. Callus • Pronounced • (CAL-us) • Defined • Common, usually painless thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as weight-bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands • Also known as a callosity

  20. Carcinoma, Basal Cell • Pronounced • (car-sih-NOH-mah BAY-sal sell) • Defined • Most common malignant tumor of epithelial tissue, occurring most often on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun • Presents as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows

  21. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell • Pronounced • (car-sih-NOH-mah SKWAY-mus sell ) • Defined • Malignancy of the squamous, or scalelike, cells of the epithelial tissue • Much faster growing than basal cell carcinoma • Greater potential for metastasis if not treated

  22. Carcinoma, Squamous Cell • Frequent sites on sun-exposed areas • Top of nose • Forehead • Margin of external ear • Back of hands • Lower lip

  23. Dermatitis • Pronounced • (der-mah-TYE-tis) • Defined • Inflammation of skin, seen in several different forms • Acute or chronic • Contact or seborrheic

  24. Eczema • Pronounced • (EK-zeh-mah) • Defined • Acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, scabs, and itching

  25. Exanthematous Viral Diseases • Pronounced • (eks-an-THEM-ah-tus viral diseases) • Defined • Skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnostic features of an infectious viral disease

  26. Exanthematous Viral Diseases • Examples: • Rubella= German Measles= 3 day measles • Roseola Infantum • Rubeola= Red Measles= 7-10 day measles • Erythema Infectiosum= Fifth disease

  27. Gangrene • Pronounced • (GANG-green) • Defined • Tissue death due to loss of adequate blood supply, invasion of bacteria, subsequent decay with foul odor

  28. Herpes Zoster • Pronounced • (HER-peez ZOS-ter) • Defined • Acute viral infection, characterized by painful, vesicular eruptions on the skin that follow along nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves • Highest incidence in adults over 50

  29. Herpes Zoster Image courtesy of Robert A. Silverman, M.D., Pediatric Dermatology, Georgetown University

  30. Impetigo • Pronounced • (Im-peh-TYE-goh) • Defined • Contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria • Usually forming on the face

  31. Kaposi’s Sarcoma • Pronounced • (CAP-oh-seez sar-KOH-ma) • Defined • Rare malignant lesions beginning as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the feet • Gradually spreads throughout skin • Increased incidence in men with AIDS

  32. Keloid • Pronounced • (KEE-loyd) • Defined • Enlarged, irregularly shaped, elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during formation of a scar

  33. Keratosis • Pronounced • (kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined • Skin condition in which there is a thickening and overgrowth of the cornified epithelium

  34. Seborrheic Keratosis • Pronounced • (seb-oh-REE-ik kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined • Brown or waxy yellow wart-like lesions that are loosely attached to the skin • Also known as senile warts

  35. Actinic Keratosis • Pronounced • (ak-TIN-ic kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined • Premalignant, gray or red-to-brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight • Also known as solar keratosis

  36. Leukoplakia • Pronounced • (loo-koh-PLAY-kee-ah) • Defined • White, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane • In mouth, vulva, or penis

  37. Malignant Melanoma • Pronounced • (mah-LIG-nant mel-ah-NOH-mah) • Defined • Malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment • Darkly pigmented tumor with irregular surfaces and borders; variable colors

  38. ABCDs of Malignant Melanomas • Asymmetry • Borders • Color • Diameter

  39. Nevus • Pronounced • (NEV-us) • Defined • Visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders • Commonly known as a mole

  40. Onychocryptosis • Pronounced • (on-ih-koh-krip-TOH-sis) • Defined • Ingrown nail • Most commonly involves the large toe

  41. Onychomycosis • Pronounced • (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) • Defined • Fungal infection of the nails

  42. Pediculosis • Pronounced • (pee-dik-you-LOH-sis) • Defined • Highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice

  43. Pediculosis • Pediculosis capitis • Head • Pediculosis corporis • Body • Pediculosis palpebrarum • Eyelashes and eyelids • Pediculosis pubis • Pubic hair

  44. Pemphigus • Pronounced • (PEM-fih-gus) • Defined • Rare, incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin • Spreads to involve large areas of the body

  45. Pilonidal Cyst • Pronounced • (pye-loh-NYE-dal SIST) • Defined • Closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back • Sometimes noted at birth as a dimple

  46. Psoriasis • Pronounced • (soh-RYE-ah-sis) • Defined • Common, noninfectious, chronic skin disorder manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching • Pruritus

  47. Rosacea • Pronounced • (roh-ZAY-she-ah) • Defined • Chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face • Characterized by persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks

  48. Scabies • Pronounced • (SKAY-beez) • Defined • Highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the “human itch mite” • Resulting in a rash, pruritus, and a feeling in the skin of “something crawling”

  49. Scleroderma • Pronounced • (sklair-ah-DER-mah) • Defined • Gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue

  50. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Pronounced • (sis-TEM-ic LOO-pus air-ih-them-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined • Chronic, multi-system, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis • Characteristic “Butterfly rash” is often seen on nose and face

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