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Chapter 2 Introduction to Wireless Networking

Chapter 2 Introduction to Wireless Networking. Outline. Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems GPRS Overview Introduction to 3G Mobile Data Services 3G Terminals Products Demo. Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems. Cellular Networks. North America: 1G:

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Chapter 2 Introduction to Wireless Networking

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  1. Chapter 2Introduction to Wireless Networking Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  2. Outline • Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems • GPRS Overview • Introduction to 3G • Mobile Data Services • 3G Terminals • Products Demo Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  3. Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  4. Cellular Networks • North America: • 1G: • AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System); Analog • 2G • NAMPS; Analog • TDMA (IS-54, IS-136); Digital • CDMA (IS-95); Digital • 3G • IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000); Digital Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  5. Cellular Networks • European • 1G • TACS (Total Access Communication System); Analog • NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone); Analog; NMT-450, NMT-900 • 2G • GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications); Digital: GSM900, DCS1800, DCS1900 • 3G • UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems); Digital Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  6. Cellular Networks • Japan • 2G • PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) • Germany • 1G • C-Netz • 2G • GSM Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  7. Cordless Telephones • European • CT1, CT2 (Cordless Telephone, second generation) • DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications) • America • PACS (Personal Access Communications System) • Canada • CT2Plus (CT2, enhanced version) • Japan • PHS (Personal Handyphone System) Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  8. Packet Networks • RAM/Mobitex, • ARDIS/Modacom • TETRA (Trans European Trunked Radio System) Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  9. Data over Cellular • CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data, over AMPS) • GPRS-136 (over IS-136 TDMA) • IS-95B (over CDMA) • HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data) • GPRS (General Packet Radio Service, over GSM) • EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) • ECSD (Enhanced Circuit-Switched Data; circuit-mode) • EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS; packet-mode) Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  10. Paging • Germany, France, Switzerland • Eurosignal in 1970s • Pan-European • ERMES (European Radio Message System) in 1992 Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  11. Coverage and Bit Rate Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  12. Migration Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  13. Evolving Towards Broadband Era 1 st Generation 2 nd Generation 3 rd Generation 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Analog Digital DAMPS/TDMA ★ AMPS IMT-2000/UMTS Text messaging CDPD Data W - CDMA Data: No N/A N/A Speed (kbps) CDMA 2000 Frequency: Frequency 824~893 MHz 824~893 MHz GSM TACS Frequency GPRS EDGE 1885~2025MHz Data Text messaging HSCSD and 9.6~14.4 64 Speed (kbps) 115~144 384Kbps 2110~2200MHz Frequency 900, 1800, 1900 MHz CDMA Speed Text messaging CSD for CDMA PSD for CDMA Data 115~2048 Kbps Data: No N/A N/A N/A Speed (kbps) Frequency PDC Text messaging PDC P Data 9.6~14.4 N/A Speed (kbps) 1800~1900 MHz Frequency Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  14. 2nd generation- Digital radio systems on circuit-switch telecom networks,low data speeds 2 Mbps 1st generation- Analog-based systems W-CDMA 3rd generation 384 kbps EDGE 115 kbps GPRS 57.6 kbps HSCSD 9.6 kbps GSM AMPS 2nd generation 1st generation 1985 1997 1999 2000 2001/2002 Evolving GSM Wireless Application Protocol Source: GSA,and TCC Evolution of Mobile Data 1.SMS Messaging 2.Web Mail 3.Information Services 4.Financial Services- Information Access 5.Financial Services - transactions 6.Mobile banking 7.Mobile Shopping 8.Internet Access Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  15. GPRS OVERVIEW Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  16. Inefficient use of radio resources Too complicated Too expensive Too slow No need packet switched transmission Emerging standards: MDI, WAP, Java PDA, Smart Phones Volume oriented accounting New coding schemes & channel combining Extensions of corporate, intranet, & internet applications Shared use of radio resources Trueplug & play Reasonable costs Comfortable speed Value added services Data Services : from GSM to GPRS Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  17. GPRS : Main Improvements • Higher transmission rates • four new coding schemes allow different data rates ofCS-1 9.05 kbit/s, CS-2 13.4 kbit/s (in 10/00) CS-3 15.6 kbit/s, CS-4 21.4 kbit/s (in E/01) • channel combining • Increased radio resource efficiency • radio resources will be used only during data transmission • shared access of the same channel • Connection of GSM and IP world • Volume dependent charging • Faster session set-up • Always connected Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  18. Group Communication Video Conference bidirectional Group Call Point to Multipoint Multicast Broadcast Traffic Telematics Video Broadcast COMMUNICATION SERVICE unidirectional Dialog Messaging Video Phone interactive Multimedia Internet Surfing Route Guidance 2-way-Paging Point of Sale bidirectional Fleet Management Point to Point Database Access Multimedia Mobile Office Paging File Transfer unidirectional Video FAX Telemetry e-mail continiously bursty GPRS TYPE OF DATA TRANSMISSION GPRS Covered Applications Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  19. E-Commerce Application WWW Content Internet/ Intranet WAP Gateway Wireless Network GPRS Information Application WWW Content Carrier Application Application Server GPRS : an Ideal Transport for WAP • WAP-enabled GPRS terminals/handsets will provide easy access to the world of information at your fingertips Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  20. GPRS GSM Traffic Alert: Traffic Alert: Motorway A8 from München to Nürnberg congested Alternative route: leave motorway at X-Dorf and follow the orange signs Nürnberg Y-Dorf A8 X-Dorf München > > OK OK > > • User receives basically the same information, but with • GPRS better presentation of information possible • WAP over GSM is inefficient use of radio resources • WAP over GSM is too expensive • WAP over GSM is too slow WAP Migration from GSM to GPRS Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  21. Audio / Video Steaming Computer • Video on demand • Interactive video services • TV/radio/data contribution & distribution • Internet access • Electronic mail • Real-time image transfer • Multimedia document transfer • Mobile computing – mobility – high speed services – mobility – personal services UMTS – mobility – wideband services Telecommunication • ISDN services • Video telephony • Wideband data services Mobile Data Applications are the first step to combine Internet with Mobility WAP and GPRS are the Enabler for Converting Voice and Data Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  22. Application Service CapabilityServers Application Service GMSC/Transit HLR MSC SGSN SG Control Media Gateway/GGSN Media Gateway PSTN/ISDN Transport Backbone Element Backbone Element GSM InternetIntranets EDGE Backbone Element WCDMA Control User data Integration of 2G and 3G Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  23. PSTN (Voice) SSS BSS Internet GPRS GSM&GPRS system WAP UTRAN U_MSC VPN 3G system Conceptual Network Architecture of GPRS / 3G Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  24. 3G Introduction Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  25. The Third Generation Systems • Specifications: 3GPP WCDMA & 3GPP2 CDMA2000 • High data rate for Video transmission and networking • Main applications: audio & video phones、stock exchange、 e-mail、mobile banking、mobile Internet、e-maps、Information or news etc. Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  26. Characteristics of 3G • Wideband CDMA • Multimedia applications • better audio quality • increased capacity • better bandwidth efficiency • high data rate • integration with 2G systems • global roaming Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  27. Asia- Pacific IMT-2000 (FDD UL) IMT-2000 (FDD DL) IMT-2000 TDD MSS MSS IMT-2000 TDD IMT- 2000 IMT- 2000 China GSM1800 GSM1800 PCS RLL DECT PCS RLL Japan IMT-2000(FDD DL) Reserved PHS IMT-2000(FDD UL) MSS Reserved MSS IMT-2000 (FDD UL) IMT-2000 TDD GSM1800 (UL) GSM1800 (DL) MSS IMT-2000 (FDD DL) MSS Europe DECT IMT-2000 TDD MSS Americas IMT-2000 Additional spectrum UPCS PCS F PCS F PCS A PCS E PCS B PCS C PCS A PCS B PCS E PCS D PCS D PCS C IMT-2000 MSS IMT-2000 MSS ITU-R IMT-2000 TDD 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 MHz Spectrum Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  28. SOUTH AFRICA AUSTRALIA IRELAND SWITZER- LAND HONG KONG FRANCE PORTUGAL NEW ZEALAND SPAIN NORWAY SWEDEN FINLAND GERMANY DENMARK UK Awarded March 00 AUSTRIA ITALY NETHERLANDS S. KOREA TAIWAN BELGIUM Awarded March 99 JAPAN Auction running March 00 1999 2000 2001 License Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  29. Data Transmission Rate • Outdoor (rural): • maximum rate: 144 kbit/s • maximum speed 500 km/h • Outdoor (suburb): • maximum rate: 384 kbit/s • maximum speed 120 km/h • Indoor and Metropolitan: • maximum rate: 2 Mbit/s • maximum speed 10 km/h Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  30. UTRA/TDD2 Mbit/s EDGE 473 kbit/s Smaller cities Microcell, indoors and private GPRS 144 kbit/s UTRA/FDD384 kbit/s Large cities National and legacy Handover/roaming and service continuity between all modes Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng $2$

  31. Content Adaptation A BRIDGE 23K bytes 24-bit color 192x192 4K bytes 4-bit grey 96x96 8K bytes 256 color 128x128 600 bytes B&W 64x64 16 bytes Text Time to transmit at 14.4k bps (in seconds) 16.4 5.7 2.9 0.42 0.01 Intelligent Filtering Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  32. Broadband and Services GSM @ 9.6 kbps GPRS @ 56 kbps 3 mins 3 mins 15 secs 15 secs GPRS @ 115 kbps EDGE/UMTS @ 384 kbps 3 mins 3 mins 15 secs 15 secs Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  33. What are the Driving Forces ?Mobile Internet Services & Applications • CSD at 9.6 kbit/s • GPRS at 100 kbit/s • EDGE at 384 kbit/s • UMTS at 2 Mbit/s Downloading a 2MBytes music file 30 mn 3 mn 41 s 8 s Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng $2$

  34. Conceptual Service Diagram Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  35. Multimedia Services Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  36. Voice and Data Markets Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  37. Mobile and Internet Markets Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  38. 1800 Subscriptions worldwide (bn) Mobile subscriber 1600 Mobile Fixed Mobile Internet Fixed Internet 1400 1200 1000 Mobile internet subscriber 800 600 400 200 0 M-Business: Mobile and internet 1995 2000 2005 2010 Source: Ovum, ICN M CM Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  39. Mobile Data Services Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  40. 900 800 700 600 500 Mio Mobile Subscriber 400 300 200 100 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Global Trends in Mobile Communications World • GSM grows steady • voice market starts to saturate • new technical possibilities Other technologies GSM • Focus on revenue generation • Focus on subscriber base growth OR NEW SERVICES Source: Siemens Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  41. 80 • growth in mobile data is expected to be 70% p.a. in next 5 years • in 1997 the market has moved out of the development phase 70 60 innovators early adopters early majority Late majority (Merryl Lynch) 50 in million subscriber 40 30 20 (FT 1997) 10 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 • data will account for up to 75% of total mobile traffic • by 2005 up to 40% of people in the EU will be using mobile phones (wireless internet) Predictions for Mobile Data Market Growth in subscriber base and data volume lead to exponential revenue increase 30 25 20 Mbytes per user per month 15 Today 1.8 Mb/user/month 10 5 0 1995 1998 2001 1996 1997 1999 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 1.8 Mb/month=21 bits/sec/user/BH Source: UMTS Forum Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  42. An Example of Mobile Data Services: i-mode (NTT DoCoMo) • I-mode gained 4½ million subscribers within the first 10 month of operation • subscribers have access to hundreds of content proverders and thousands of Web sites • content avalible that business users and consumers want and need • successful due to creation of a complete “ecosystem“ applications, network and terminals Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  43. Operator´s position in the value chain 100 % operator Operator’s opportunities 0 % operator Mobile Data – The Value Chain Possibilities Advantages of occupying the element • Traditional business • Existing customer relationship • Owner of equipment • Separation IT & Telecom • Closer customerrelationship • Joint fixed/mobile offering • Value Added Offering possible • Evolution towards GPRS/UMTS • Control over content • Content revenues • Quick application roll out • Entrance to vertical market Operator has the opportunities to get into the service and content provisioning for mobile data Operator Content Provider User Service Provider • Higher Churn rate through lack of control over content • Missed Opportunities in Internet Business • Decreasing Margins • Less control over customer relationship • RoI • Requiredknow how • lack of control over content and quality • RoI • Strong competition • Appropriate alliances • Requiredknow how Risks of occupying the element Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  44. Operator Content Provider User Service Provider Enterprise User Backbone Provider Service Provider Application Service Provider Access Provider Retailer Content Provider M-Business: future value chain Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  45. Detailed Value Chain for M-Business Content Packagers Service Provider Content Provider Retailers Users Service Packagers Network Operators Infrastructure Terminals Supplier Equipment Vendor 100% current PLMN partly current PLMN Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  46. Flat Fee Volume ? QoS ? Time ? Transaction ? Billing Possibilities What do users accept? Keep it transparent to your customers Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  47. EndUser NetworkOperator ServiceProvider Portal - CommunityProvider ContentProvider In the voice arena, the network operator captures more than 70% of the market Traditional value chain split in the market Source: Arthur D. Little / Lucent Technologies Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  48. EndUser NetworkOperator ServiceProvider Portal - CommunityProvider ContentProvider Importance of Roles Future value chain split in the market The network operators must ensure that the content will be accessed through their network - otherwise they will miss out Advertisement revenues Source: Arthur D. Little / Lucent Technologies Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  49. Business Model (1) Today’s voice dominated world GSM/UMTS Advertisement • Example: • Voice, fax • WLL • email Revenue Flow Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

  50. Business Model (2) User pays for access and ASP • Example: • Online Banking • E-cash • appointment GSM/UMTS Application Service Provider Advertisement Content Provider Revenue Flow Prof. Huei-Wen Ferng

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