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Jabiol B., Zanella A., Englisch M., Hager H., Katzensteiner K., de Waal R.

Towards an European Classification of Terrestrial Humus Forms. Jabiol B., Zanella A., Englisch M., Hager H., Katzensteiner K., de Waal R. Freiburg, 06 - 09 - 2004. sylviculture, suistanable management … HUMAN BEING. 1- introduction 1/3. causes : ecological factors and forest stands.

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Jabiol B., Zanella A., Englisch M., Hager H., Katzensteiner K., de Waal R.

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  1. Towards an European Classification of Terrestrial Humus Forms Jabiol B., Zanella A., Englisch M., Hager H., Katzensteiner K., de Waal R. Freiburg, 06 - 09 - 2004

  2. sylviculture, suistanable management … HUMAN BEING 1- introduction 1/3 causes : ecological factors and forest stands biological activities descriptions interpretations classifications modelisation variability in time morphology of humus forms variability in space consequences : nutrients cycles, C storage...

  3. 1- introduction 2/3 proposition of an European Classification whose aim is not to take the place of national systems

  4. 1- introduction 3/3 beginning of a common reflexion : an european group, Italia 2004

  5. 2- common bases 1/ An harmonization seems to be possible instead of great differences in the lower levels or in the building of classifications because people are interested in several countries because essential basic concepts are similar

  6. classification has to be built from morphological features which reflect specific biological activities 2- common bases 2/ first concept : humus forms are indicator and the result of biological activity

  7. 2- common bases 3/ second concept : humus forms are dynamic systems in space and time

  8. A A B B C C D D D D B A A B 2- common bases 4/ associations and series field mosaics Time sequences (interpretation) modification of site conditions or of the stand Ex.: forest chronosequence : phases A-B-C-D Space sequences (field observation) site conditions are heterogeneous

  9. because people are interested in several countries because basic concepts are similar 2- common bases 5/ An harmonization seems to be possible because national classifications have the same upper level with mull, moder, mor, even if these names have not exactly the same definitions

  10. 2- common bases 6/ for ex. : comparison of moder between 5 national classifications

  11. working subgroups 3- propositions 1/ today -----> first approximation

  12. epigeic worms and/or arthropods OHz OH from and/or enchytreids Ohm, OHnoz not zoogenous : felt or roots : OHr anecic/endogeic worms : Az A from epigeic worms Ajz, Aze and/or arthropods and/or enchytreids not biogenous : Ae 3- propositions 2/ definition of main O and A horizons consequence of the first concept :classification has to be built from morphological features which reflect specific biological activities for example :

  13. 3- propositions 3/ concept of main humus forms main types are based on presence or absence of main diagnostic horizons

  14. 3- propositions 4/ FIRST LEVEL : MULL MODER MOR "AMPHI" Second level TR TR TR TR Epigeic worms OHz and/or arthropods OH from and/or enchytreids Not zoogenous OHm Anecic/endogeic worms Az A from Epigeic worms and/or arthropods and/or enchytreids Ajz, Aze Ae No biogenous actors of biodegradation, horizons and humus forms

  15. FIRST LEVEL : MULL MODER MOR "AMPHI" Second level TR TR TR TR Epigeic worms OHz and/or arthropods OH from and/or enchytreids Not zoogenous OHm Anecic/endogeic worms Az A from Epigeic worms and/or arthropods and/or enchytreids Ajz, Aze Ae No biogenous 3- propositions 5/ actors of biodegradation, horizons and humus forms

  16. (OLn) 0 Az MULL very active mull OL OF OH 0 Ajz MODER 3 typical moder 3- propositions 6/

  17. AMPHI-form OL OL OF OF 5 OH OH 0 Az 0 Ae 5 MOR Amphi- form typical Mor OHz Az

  18. 3- propositions 6/ evolutionary lines of four main humus forms figure 2

  19. 4- a second common level of taxonomy ? based on morphological features ? on chemical characteristics ?

  20. 5- prospects a new "humus meeting" next year to discuss and to focus research projects towards - precision of biological functionning, characters and and recognition of diagnostic horizons - are humus forms in great elevation a new "well" with transitions with the four others main forms ? - is it possible to propose a common second level of classification ? - at which level to take into account humic humus forms and chemical characteristics? - proposition for hydro or xeric forms : can each main form present hydro or xeric conditions ? - is it possible to define great type of "time sequences" in different site conditions ?

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